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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What does Sachs mean by saying that he had “forgotten” how to walk (after his climbing accident)?
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He means that after being unable to walk for an extended period of time, walking had become awkward for him; it lacked spontaneity, naturalness, automaticity. He had to get used to performing this movement with ease again.
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2. What is able (in some cases, at least, including that of Sachs) to kick-start a damaged or inhibited motor system into action again?
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music
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3. Sachs conjectures that as a result of his accident there was not only “peripheral” damage (in nerves, muscles, tendons of the leg), but also more central inhibition or deactivation of the ______________________ in the brain.
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body-image, or mapping or representation of the body
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4. How has music sometimes helped patient with frontal lobe damage who have lost the ability to carry out a complex chain of actions (e.g., dressing)?
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The music acts as a narrative or a series of promptings in a song that make it possible for these people to carry out these complex chains of actions.
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5. Music can help such patients (in part) because it has the power to______ sequences within larger sequences.
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embed
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Can any creatures other than humans do this (see #5) in melody and meter (according to Sachs, on the present state of our knowledge)?
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No, because only humans have the functional connection between the auditory and dorsal pre motor cortex.
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7. What three properties of music make it an effective mnemonic device?
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measure, motion, and stream (or song)
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8. Establishing internal models or templates of rhythmic patterns as we hear them allows us to ___________ the beat.
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anticipate
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9. Only in humans is there a functional connection between two cortical systems (i.e., systems physically realized in the cortex or outer layer of the brain) critical for hearing and movement. What are these two cortical systems called?
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The auditory cortex and the dorsal premotor cortex.
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10. What is one main reason Patel thinks that music evolved independently of speech? Put another way, what is one fundamental aspect of music that cannot be explained as a by-product of some feature of language?
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Patel says that man’s perception and synchronization of beat are parts of rhythm that are unique to music. Language does have rhythm, but not the regular, periodical, organization one finds in musical meter. He does not believe this can be explained as a by-product of some feature of language.
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11. If people hear a series of identical sounds at constant intervals, most of them will not group these sounds into musical patterns T or F
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F, People will organize even a series of metronome beats or clock beats.
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12. What does Sacks say is the means by which music can bind people together (in both body and soul)?
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The rhythm of the music causes many people to become participants in the music. He says that the rhythm “makes listening active and motoric, and synchronizes the brains and minds of all who participate.
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13. Merlin thinks (Merlin Donald, that is) that __________ is the foundation of human culture, and that rhythm has a unique role in relation to this foundational component.
What is the definition he uses? |
mimesis- as the power to represent emotions, external events, and stories using only gesture and posture, movement and sound, but not language.
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What is an example of embedding in music or in language?
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ABC's
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