Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Give 3 functions of the skeletons: |
- Support - Protection - Movement |
|
|
What is a tendon? |
- Connective tissue that connects muscle + bones, and provides stability to joints. |
|
|
Define the following anatomical term: - Superior - Posterior - Medial - Proximal |
- Closer to the head than another part - Towards the back of the body - Toward the midline of the body - Body part closer to attachment point. |
|
|
What are the 5 parts to the vetebral column from top to bottom? |
- Cervical (neck) - Thoracic (chest) - Lumbar (lower back) - Sacrum - Coccyx |
|
|
Name the joint that names free movement? And all the joints within that Joint? |
- SYNOVIAL - Condyloid joint (wrist) - Saddle joint (thumb) - Hinge joint (wrist) - Gliding joint (carpals) - Ball + socket joint (shoulder) - Pivot joint (Neck) |
|
|
Name the 4 types of bones and give an example: |
- Long bones= Femur - Short bones= Carpals - Flat bones=Sternum - Irregular bones= Vertebrae |
|
|
Name the three types of muscle: |
- Skeletal muscle - Smooth mucsle - Cardiac muscle |
|
|
Muscle attachment: Define Origin + insertion |
Origin= The site where muscles attach to stable bone, which muscles pull against. Insertion= Where muscle attaches to bone that is pulled by the action of muscle. |
|
|
Reciprocal inhibition (when muscle works in pairs) ;- What is the agonist and the antagonist? |
Agonist= The movement that contracts + creates movement. Antagonist= Muscle that relaxes+ allows movement to occur. |
|
|
What is a fusiform muscle fibre + give an example: |
- Fibre that runs in the same direction as the tendon, It is fast, but creates low force. Eg. Bicep |
|
|
Define and give examples of the types of penniform muscle fibres: |
- Unipennate= - Muscle fibres branch out to one side E.G Hamstring - Bipennate= Muscle fibres branch out to both sides of central tendon. E.G Gastrocnemius - Mulitpennate= Muscle fibre branch out repeatedly from the tennis. E.G Deltoid |
|
|
Muscle fibre types: Describe slow twitch and Fast twitch muscle fibres: |
Slow twitch= Slow contraction speed but high fatigue ability, suited for endurance events, Coloured red. Fast Twitch= White coloured (fast), Fast connection speed, high fatigue ability, suited for high intensity power events. |
|
|
Name the three types of Muscular contraction? |
Isotonic (Changes length of muscle) Isometric (muscle length stays the same) Isokinetic (Force created through a machine) |
|
|
Name the two types of Isotonic contractions? |
Concentric= Muscle length shortens Eccentric= Muscle length lengthens. |
|
|
Describe the two types of neurons: |
Sensory neurons= Conduct impulses from the muscle to the brain Motor neurons= Carry impulses from the brain to the muscles. |
|
|
What is a motor unit? |
A large number of motor neurons joined together to stimulate a whole muscle. |
|
|
Name the Parts involved in the All or nothing principal in order: |
A Impulse passes a threshold into the muscle fibre, which then collects ATP, Which then goes to muscle fibre recruitment(where all or nothing principal occurs) in which the muscle contracts. |
|
|
Explain the sliding filament theory: |
1. Muscle activation: The motor nerve stimulates an action potential (impulse) to pass down a neuron to the neuromuscular junction. This stimulates the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium into the muscle cell. |
|
|
What does red blood cells do? What does blood plasma do? |
- Red blood cells Contain haemoglobin which transports oxygen from lungs to the cells. - Blood plasma is fluid the blood cells, nutrients and waste float in. |
|
|
What do Arteries do? |
Arteries carry blood away from the heart= Transports oxygenated blood.(except pulmonary) |
|
|
What are the 4 main functions of the cardiovascular system: |
- Transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells - Maintain the bodies core temperature. - Removing waste products from cells. - Fighting infections. |
|
|
What are the 4 stages of the cardiac cycle? |
STAGE 1: Atrial diastole (relax phase) STAGE 2: Ventricular diastole (relax phase) STAGE 3: Atrial systole (contract phase) STAGE 4: Ventricular systole (contract phase) |
|
|
What is pulmonary circulation in blood flow: |
The stage in which the blood is deoxygenated. |
|
|
What is cardiac output and how is it measured? |
- Cardiac volume is the volume of blood pumped by the heart each minute. - Cardiac output= Stroke Volume x Heart rate
|
|
|
Name three factors that affect blood pressure? |
- Genetics - Age - Stress |
|
|
Describe the VO2 difference theory: |
Difference in oxygen concentrates in the artery compared to the vein. Artery= Higher concentrate of blood = carries oxygenated blood. Vein= Has lower concentrate of blood |
|
|
What is vasodilation and vasconstruction |
Vasodilation= Arteries relax and open allowing more blood through. vasconstruction= The smooth muscles of the arteries contract, restricting or preventing blood flow. |
|
|
Function of the respiratory system? |
Allows the body to breath (in Co2 out O2) |
|
|
What is the difference between external respiration and pulmonary respiration? |
External is Air passing from mouth to nose + lungs (which is breathing in) and pulmonary is the movement of gas from lungs to blood stream (breathing out). |
|
|
Describe the air flow from the mouth to the lungs? |
The air comes in the nasal cavity which then passes the Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea which then enters the lungs and goes from Bronchi branches to bronchioles to the alveoli where gas exchange occurs. |
|
|
What happens when you breath in? |
Your ribs lift up and out, and your diaphragm contracts downwards which increases the thoracic cavity and space in the lungs and decreases pressure in the lungs. |
|
|
What is VO2 max? |
The maximum amount of O2 that can be taken in, transported and utilised . It measures aerobic capacity |
|
|
What is oxygen debt? |
The body is no longer able to meet the demand of exercise. |
|
|
Explain the transfer of gases: |
The blood comes from the heart to the lungs, where alveoli separates O2 and CO2, in which O2 goes to the muscles and CO2 is breathed out. |
