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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Asepis |
Absence of living pathogenic microbes |
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Sterilization |
Use of a process to rid an object of all living microbes |
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Cold sterilization |
Killing microbes by immersing objects in bactericidal chemical solutions |
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Elective |
Procedures done by choice Not immediately required to alleviate disease or injury |
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Non-elective |
Procedures done to alleviate signs of disease or injury |
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Role of Technician in Surgery |
Admission, examination and preparation of patient Preparation of surgical suite Instrument care |
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Stiff hinge |
Cause: debris, detergent Solution: ultrasonic cleaning |
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Cracks |
Cause: Improper use Solutin: replace |
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Corrosion |
Cause: autoclave materials Solution: 1;1 amoonia water + grain alcohol |
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Misaligned Jaws |
Cause: improper use Solution: replace |
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Loose screws |
Cause: ultrasonic cleaner Solution: tighten |
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Desired Qualities of Packaging Materials |
Heat resistant Lightweight Little memory Durable Selective permeability Moisture resistant Economical |
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Cloth |
Advantages: durable; little memory; heat resistant Disadvantages: bulky; wicks moisutre |
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Paper/Plastic |
Advantages: cheap; moisture resistant; lightweight Disadvantages: low durability; sensitive to heat; more memory |
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Dry heat |
Flaming, baking (320 degrees for 1-2 hours) Does not dull sharp edges |
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Boiling |
212 degrees for 30 minutes Contamination during cooling |
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Steam under pressure |
Autoclaing (250 degrees at 15-25 PSI for 15-20 minutes) Dulls sharp edges |
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Ethylene oxide gas |
Used for heat-sensitive objects |
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Radiation |
Used by manufacturer Scalpel blades, suture, staples, etc |
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Cold Sterilization |
Not true sterilization Does not kill spores |
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Pack Storage - Cloth (double wrapped) |
3 months |
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Pack Storage - Paper (double wrapped) |
6 months |
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Pack Storage - Plastic |
12 months |
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Purpose of Sutures |
Ligate Secure drains Temporary closure of orifice Closure of wounds |
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Tensile strength |
Amount of force a suture can withstand without breaking |
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Memory |
Tendency to retain shape it took in package |
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Flexibility |
Ease in handling |
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Capillarity |
Ability of suture to "wick" moisture (and bacteria) into and along strand |
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Monofilament |
Less tissue drag and capillarity |
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Multifilament or braided |
Less memory |
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Tissue reaction |
Most suture materials will cause a tissue reaction, some more than others |
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Absorbable suture material |
Digested and assimilated by the body Uses: internal sutures; skin closure fractious animal or when removal would be difficult |
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"cat" gut |
Made from submucosal layer of sheep or hog intestine Can be treated to prolong absorption |
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Synthetic Absorbable |
PGA (retains strength 2-3 weeks) PLA (retains strength 3 weeks; absorbed 90 days) PDS (Up to 6 months for absorption) |
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Non-Absorbable Suture Material |
Remains in tissue at least 2 years Silk Synthethics Metal |
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Characteristics of suture needles |
Point Body Shape Attachement Size |
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Suture Needle Point |
Trocar Blunt |
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Suture Needle Body |
Taper Cutting Reverse cutting |
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Suture Needle Shape |
5/8 circle 1/2 circle 3/8 circle 1/4 circle 1/2 curve Straight |
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Suture Needle Attachment |
Eyed Swaged |
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Interrupted Suture Patterns |
Advantages: Maintains strength and tissue apposition if part of it fails; Easy and rapid Disadvantages: More suture used; More time; Increased foreign material in body |
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Continuous Suture Patterns |
Advantages: ease of application; minimal suture material; easy to remove; rapid closure Disadvantages: Entire line breaks if one component fails |
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Subcutaneous Sutures |
Used to close fat layer below skin |
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Subcuticular sutures |
Continuous horizontal suture hidden within dermis |
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Phases of Healing |
Inflammatory phase Debridement phase Repair phase Maturation phase |
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Inflammatory phase |
Redness, swelling, heat, pain Control hemorrhage, protect wound, antibiotics, pain management |
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Debridement phase |
Removal of necrotic tissue, bacteria and foreign material Continue with Inflammatory phase treatments |
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Repair phase |
Stimulation of fibroblasts and collagen synthesis. Granulation tissue forms. Prevent motion, prevent licking and chewing. |
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Maturation Phase |
Wound is covered with epithelium Phase can take weeks to years |
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Factors affecing the healing process |
Nutiriton Steroids Tissue debris Tissue handling Blood supply Infection Bleeding Foreign materials Motion |
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Incision |
wound made by a clean cut with sharp instrument |
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Contusion |
bruise or hematoma resulting from a blow with a blunt object |
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Laceration |
cut caused by a jagged object |
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Puncture |
small, circular wound associated with injury to deeper structures |
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Abrasion |
scraping injury involving the skin |
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Golden Period |
First 8 hours after a wound is formed |
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First intention healing |
Immediate cleaning and suturing. Reserved for "clean" wounds. Less scarring. |
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Second intention healing |
Healing through granulation. Most scarring. |
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Third intention healing |
Wound begins to heal through granulation then skin edges are "freshened" and sutured. Intermediate scarring. |
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Restraint |
Depending on the nature of the wound and the animal, some form of restraint is needed. This may vary from havinig an assistant physically restrain the animal to local anesthesia to general anesthesia |
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Cover the wound |
May be gauze soaked in sterile saline or water solube jelly |
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Clip the Hair |
Clip carefully around wound and surrounding areas as you would for surgery |
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Clean the skin |
Same as for surgery prep. Be careful not to get scrub or alcohol into wound |
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Lavage the wound |
Remove wound covering, flush wound. Solution may vary. |
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Bandage Layers |
Primary layer: Contact layer. Sterile layer. Secondary layer: Absorbent layer. Cushining and protection. Tertiary layer: Protective layer. Holds in place. |
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Functions of Bandages |
Absorption Protection Antisepsis Pressure Immobilization Debridement Packing Comfort Information Aesthetics |
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Ovariohysterectomy |
Major abdominal surgery. One of the most common in small animal clinics. |
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OHE Misconceptions |
It is beneficial to have at least one litter/heat prior to spay All spayed cats/dogs become fat and lazy Animals over a certain age are too old |
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OHE Indications |
Elective: Prevent heat, No risk of pregnancy, fewer behavioral problems Non-elective: Pyometra, mammary cancer, uterine/ovarian cancer |
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OHE Contraindications |
Breeding animal Too young Anesthetic risk Late pregnancy Dogs in heat |
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OHE Age |
Prior to first heat ideal Approx 5 months in cats and 6 months in dogs Shelters: as early as 6-8 weeks |
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OHE Complications |
Abdominal Hemorrhage: Monitor/abdominal bandange Bladder irritation due to sutures Infection |
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OHE Client Instructions |
Restrict activity 5-7 days Suture removal 10-14 days Check incision daily Analgesics |
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OHE Role of CVT |
Manipulate ovarian pedicle clamps Retract tissues Swab surgery site Cut sutures |
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Indications of C-section |
Dystocia |
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C-Section Technique |
Pre-op: make anesthetic period as short as possible by doing as much as possible now Anesthesia: light plane, dose on pre-pregnancy weight Procedure: Do not tip table; thorough scrub, one horn incised; puppies/kittens removed with membranes one at a time |
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Neonatal Care |
Be prepared! Rub with towel to dry and stimulate respiration Reverse if necessary Aspirate mouth Keep warm Check and tie umbilicus Place with mom as soon as possible |
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C-Section complications |
Infection Babies chewing on sutures Resp. depression |
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Pyometra |
Pus in the uterus |
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Signs of Pyometra |
Anorexia Lethargy PU/PD Vomiting +/- vaginal discharge |
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Closed Pyometra |
Cervix is closed and pus accumulates in utuerus *more serious |
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Open Pyometra |
Cervix is open and pus can drain |
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Treatment of Pyometra |
Fluids, antibiotics, supportive care Light anesthesia OHE A medical treatment is available but spay is treatment of choice |
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Orchiectomy |
Neuter |
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Indications of Neuter |
Prevent breeding Decrease undesirable male behavior Prevent/treat prostatic hyperplasia/infection Prevent testicular neoplasia Better pet |
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Age of Neuter |
Usually 6-9 mo. Humane Societies: 6-8 weeks |
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Closed Neuter |
Spermatic cord ligated and transected |
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Open Neuter |
Vaginal tunic incised; vas deference and testicular vessels separated, ligated individually |
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Neuter Complications |
Excessive licking/tearing out sutures Hemorrhage/hematoma Infetion Clipper burn |
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Cryptorcid |
Unilateral or bilateral retention of a testicle. More common in dogs than cats |
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Feline Orciectomy Indications |
Get rid of "tom cat" behavior Decrease spraying Same as k9 |
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Feline orciectomy age |
Usually 6 months Humane Society: 6-8 weeks |
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Onychectomy (declaw) |
Amputatino of P3 |
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Declaw Age |
Ideally 3-6 months |
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Declaw Procedure |
Apply tourniquet proximal to elbow Remove P3 w/ Rescoe nail trimmer or scalpel Leave open; bandage |
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Declaw Complications |
Neuritis from tourniquet Pain Bleeding Infection Nail regrowth Behavior changes Abnormal stance |
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Ear Cropping |
Performed to meet certain breed expectations |
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Ear cropping age |
Depends on breed 8 weeks to 6 months |
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Ear Cropping Post-op |
Bandaging may be necessary for up to 20 weeks |
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Ear Cropping complications |
Bleeding Infection Bandage complications (pinna may slough if too tight) Failure of ears to stand Ruined appearance |
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Tail Docking Indications |
Cosmetic Trauma Neoplasia |
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Tail docking age |
Cosmetic: 1-3 days |
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Tail Docking Procedure (puppy) |
Held by technician Antiseptic Cut off w/ mayo scissors or rescoe Closure with absorbable suture or tissue adhesive |
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Tail Docking Procedure (Adult) |
Curved incision to form flap to cover end of tail Dissection between vertebrae Lateral and ventral vessels ligated SQ sutures Skin sutures removed 10-14 days |
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Tail Docking Complications |
Dehiscence Hematoma/seroma Self-trauma Infection |
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Dewclaw Removal Indications |
Cosmetic Prevent trauma |
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Dewclaw removal (puppies) |
Done 1-3 days old No anesthetic Clamp 1st digit w/ hemostat Remove w/ scalep blade May use surgical adhesive to close |
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Dewclaw removal (adult) |
General anesthetic and surgical prep Elliptical incision around base of 1st digit Vessels ligated Suture SQ Skin suture bandage Suture removal 10-14 days |
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Dewclaw removal complications |
hemorrhage infection dehiscence |
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Cystotomy |
Incision into the bladder |
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Cystotomy Indications |
Uroliths Tumors Repair congenital abnormalities |
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Cystotomy prep |
Same as spay |
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Cystotomy special instruments |
Bladder spoon Abdominal retractor Laparotomy pads |
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Perineal surgica procedures (indications) |
Feline perineal urethrostomy Anal sac removal Tumor removal or trauma repair |
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Pre op for any perineal surgery |
General anesthesia Sternal w/ hind legs over end of table, padding under groin, table tilted head down Tail taped over back Clip perineum Gauze plug in rectum |
