S2M3 Physiology Wright Male Reproduction

Front 1

What are the Functions of Sertoli cells?

Back 1

-Produce ABP
-Produce AMH
Produce activin which stimulates FSH release
-Produce inhibins which inhibit FSH release
-Blood-testes barrier
-Secretes fluids which help push spermatocytes to lumen of seminiferous tubule

Front 2

What are the functions of Leydig cells?

Back 2

-LH receptors can respond to hCG during gestation
-Produce TESTOSTERONE
-Produce DHT
-contains estrogen receptors: decreased proliferation and activity of Leydig cells "In-house"feedback.

Front 3

Differentiation of epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles occurs by what hormone?

Back 3

Testosterone

Front 4

Increase in muscle mass, pubertal growth spurt and deepening of voice occurs by what hormone?

Back 4

Testosterone

Front 5

Differentiation of penis, scrotum, and prostate occurs by what hormone?

Back 5

DHT

Front 6

Closure of epiphyseal plates occurs by what hormone?

Back 6

Testosterone.

Front 7

Growth of penis involves what hormones?

Back 7

Testosterone

Front 8

Male hair pattern and baldness involves what hormone?

Back 8

DHT

Front 9

Sebaceous gland activity and growth of prostate involves what hormones?

Back 9

DHT

Front 10

Testosterone is required in fetus for differentiation of _________ into epididymus, vas deferens and seminal vesicles.

Back 10

Wolffian ducts

Front 11

This hormone is responsible for spermatogenesis.

Back 11

Testosterone

Front 12

What is the correlation between testosterone and growth?

Back 12

It stimulates pubertal growth and WITH estradiol closes epiphyseal growth centers

Front 13

Metabolic effects of testosterone include:

Back 13

-Increased protein anabolism
-increased LDL and decreased HDL
-Accumulation of upper body visceral fat

Front 14

Effects of testosterone include:

Back 14

+ erythropoietin
+ renal sodium reabsorption
Suppression of mammary gland growth

Front 15

Effects of DHT

Back 15

Required for development of Penis, scrotum, penile urethra and prostate
- Hair and hair growth
-Stimulates increas of sebum

Front 16

What hormone regulates the reabsorption of fluid to concentrate sperm in the final ejaculate?

Back 16

Estradiol

Front 17

This hormones works with Testosterone to close the epiphyseal plate?

Back 17

Estradiol

Front 18

This hormone is associated with long-loop feedback of GnRH.

Back 18

Estradiol

(Testosterone also I believe)

Front 19

Which side of the penis is the dorsal side?

Back 19

The anterior side of a flaccid penis

Front 20

Which side of the penis is the erectile tissue found?

Back 20

Dorsal

Front 21

An erection can occur either by the brain or by afferent sensory impulses from what penile nerve?

Back 21

Pudendal

Front 22

What are the 5 phases of erectile process

Back 22

1.)Flaccid
2.)Tumenscence
3.) Full erection phase
4.) Rigid phase
5.) Resolution phase

Front 23

Describe the 1.) Flaccid phase of erection.

Back 23

SNS nervous tone dominates, corpora cavernosa is empty by constriction of the arteries

Front 24

Describe the 2.) Tumescence phase of erection.

Back 24

PNS release of NO and E1(PGE1) prostaglandin increases cGMP which relaxes cavernosa smooth muscle.

Front 25

Describe the 3.) Full erection phase of erection.

Back 25

Output of blood from penis is physically constricted b/c cavernosa is engorged.

Front 26

Describe the 4.) Rigid phase of erection.

Back 26

Cavernosa pressure exceeds systolic blood pressure. Ejaculation occurs during this phase f/ SNS stimulation of bulbocavernosa muscles

Front 27

Describe the 5.) Resolution phase of erection.

Back 27

SNS activity regains tone, decreases flow and breakdown of cGMP and NO

Front 28

How does Viagra work?

Back 28

Stops the breakdown of cGMP by inhibiting the phosphodiesterase.

Front 29

What are the four stages of the male sexual act?

Back 29

1.) Excitment
2.) Plateau
3.) Orgasm
4.) Resolution -->Variable time before male is able to start a subsequent excitment phase.

Front 30

(1) Excitement phase occurs how? Which ANS is working?

Back 30

Visual stimuli or internal pudendal nerve stimuli

-PNS

Front 31

(2) Describe the plateau phase.

-ANS system?

Back 31

Ductus deferens exhibits peristalsis and sperm are moved into ampulla; it contracts and sperm are moved into urethra.
-SNS

Front 32

(3) Describe the orgasm phase.

-ANS system?

Back 32

Contraction of bulbocavernous muscles expels semen. Internal urethral sphincter contracts to prevent urine expulsion.

-SNS

Front 33

(4) Describe the resolution phase.

-ANS system?

Back 33

Internal pudendal artery constricts and blood flow is reduced. Penis becomes flaccid again.

-SNS takes over

Front 34

What is Emission?

Back 34

The movement of sperm into prostatic and proximal urethra.

Front 35

Emissions from ampulla of vas deferens, seminal vesicles and prostate are driven by which ANS?

Back 35

SNS

Front 36

Constriction of the internal sphincter during ejaculation is by what ANS?

Back 36

SNS

Front 37

Seminal vesicle fluid contains Fructose, citrict acid, prostaglandins and _________ (clotting)?

Back 37

Fibrinogen

Front 38

Prostate gland contains thin, milky fluid with citric acid, Ca phosphate, clotting enzyme and _________?

Back 38

Fibrinolysin

Front 39

Cowper's glands secrete (bulbourethral glands)

Back 39

Mucus to act as a lubricant

Front 40

Dysgenesis of seminiferous tubules and poor Leydig cell function describes what reproductive dysfunction?

Back 40

Klinefelter's syndrome

Front 41

Undescended testes is called...

Back 41

Cryptorchism

Front 42

This disease causes abnormally low levels of LH and FSH and occurs b/c preoptic nucleus did not migrate from the olfactory placode.

Back 42

Kallmann syndrome.

-You will also have low plasma testosterone.

Front 43

What is the most common cause of Psuedohermaphroditism?

Back 43

Genetic defect (x-linked) resulting in defective testosterone receptors.

Front 44

What is a psudohermaphrodite? How is this different than a true hermaphrodite?

Back 44

46 XY but underdeveloped male gential ducts and external genitalia.

True would be 46XX/46XY mosaic

Front 45

What do Leydig cells synthesize?

Back 45

Testosterone

Front 46

What precursor cell do Leydig cells come from?

Back 46

Mesenchymal

Front 47

What precursor cell do Sertoli cells come from?

Back 47

Coelomic epithelium

Front 48

Sertoli cells make _________ while Leydig cells make ________ to develop the male genital tract.

Back 48

Sertoli makes Antimullerian hormones

Leydig make androgens

Front 49

Sertoli cells make what 4 things?

Back 49

ABP
B estradiol
FSH receptors
Antimullerian hormone

Front 50

During Male development, what duct is degenerated? By what?

Back 50

Mullerian duct

By Antimullerian hormones (AMH)

Front 51

In response to high LH during puberty, LOTS of testosterone is being produced developing primary sex characteristics such as....

Back 51

increase in testicular size
enlargement of scrotum
increased length and thickness of penis

Front 52

increase in FSH contributes to ...?

Back 52

Onset of spermatogenesis and stimulates sertoli cells to produce spermatogenic support factors.