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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the path of sperm
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Seminiferous tubules
Straight tubules rete tubules Efferent ductules Epidymal duct Epididymis Ductus deferens Ampulla Ejaculatory duct Prostatic urethra |
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The visceral covering of the testis is called the _________. Septa will divide the internal cavity into _______.
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Tunica albuginea.
Lobules |
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What 5 things can affect spermatogenesis?
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1.) Infection like Mumps; 20% develop mumps orchitis; possible loss of stem cells.
2.) Radiation 3.) Drugs (DES) 4.) Hormonal imbalance : excessive androgen use which inhibits testes to produce testosterone. 5.) Cryptochordism (undescended testis) |
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What is the greatest contributor to reducing testicular temperature for optimum sperm production?
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Testicular artery runs through pampiniform plexus of veins in testis--> reduces arterial blood temperature.
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Are Leydig cells found in the seminiferous tubules?
-What do they make? |
They are NOT in seminiferous tubules.
-They make testosterone |
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Seminiferous tubule is lined with what 2 lines of cells?
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1.) Spermatogenic cells
2.) Sertoli cells |
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Briefly describe the process of spermatogenesis.
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1.)Spermatogonia-->Primary spermatocytes
2.)Meiosis (Primary spermatocyte--> Spermatid) 3.)Spermiogenesis (Spermatid-->Spermatozoa) |
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What are spermatogonia?
-How many types are there? |
They are germ stem cells.
There are two types: A and B Only at puberty with type A turn into type B progenitor cells. |
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Which spermatogonia type will give rise to a primary spermatocyte?
What is the ploidy of a primary spermatocyte? |
Type B
(2n, 4N) |
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where do type A and B spermatogonia sit?
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They sit on the Basal Lamina of seminiferous tubules.
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What phase of meiosis do primary spermatocytes enter ?
-Ploidy of primary spermatocytes are? |
Prophase of meiosis 1
-(2n, 4N) |
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What is the ploidy of secondary spermatocytes?
Will you see a lot of these? |
1n, 2N
No, they immediately enter into meiosis 2 |
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What is the ploidy of spermatids?
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1n, 1N
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Describe the name change from basal lamina.
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Stem cell (spermatogonia)-->1* spermatocytes (2* are not usually seen)--> Early spermatids--> Late spermatids.
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When can spermatids move? Early or late?
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Neither, they cannot move yet because they are fixed to sertoli cells
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Spermiogenesis is...
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The conversion of spermatids to spermatozoa
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What happens during spermiogenesis?
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Spermatid--> Spermatozoa
Acrosome, condensation and elongation of nucleus, develop flagellum and loss of much of the cytoplasm. |
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Newly formed spermatozoa are immotile and cannot fertilize an oocyte; they become capable through a process of ________ which is completed in the vagina.
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Capacitation
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Immotile cilia syndrome is due to a lack of ________?
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Dynein or other ciliar or flagellar motility proteins.
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Sertoli cells form occluding junctions with one another. This establishes what barrier?
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The blood testis barrier.
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What is the function of the blood testis barrier?
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It screens and allows spermatocytes and spermatids and allows them to be separated from blood supply.
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What is the function of sertoli cells? (4 things)
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1.) Support, protection and nutritional regulation
2.) phagocytosis of residual bodies 3.) secretion of fluid for sperm transport and production of ABP 4.) Production of anti-Mullerian Hormone-->inhibits female development |
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What is the function of Leydig cells?
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Secretes testosterone
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FSH stimulates?
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stimulates sertoli cells to make ABP
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LH stimulates?
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Leydig cells to make testosterone
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What is ABP?
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Synthesized by sertoli cells and used to transport testosterone into the lumen of seminiferous tubules.
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What makes inhibin and activin?
What do they do? |
They are made by sertoli cells.
They inhibit or activate the release of FSH from the pituitary. |
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Intratesticular genital ducts consist of?
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1.) straight tubules LINED ONLY BY SERTOLI CELLS
2.) Rete testis: found in mediastinum testis and lined with duboidal epithelium 3.) Ductuli Efferentes: Tall columnar ciliated cells alternating with shorter non-ciliated cells (scalloped) |
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What is the function of ductuli efferentes?
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Ciliated cells assist transport of semen by beating cilia in the direction of the epididymis. Shorter non ciliated cells absorb fluid produced in the seminiferous tubules.
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Ductus epididymis is responsible for storage of sperm. There are two cells found here, what are they?
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Principal cells
Basal cells |
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Principal cells of epididymis have what epithelium?
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Tall columnar with stereocilia
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What are basal cells of epididymis?
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Stem cells
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How does the epididymis assist spermatozoa movement?
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There is circular muscle around the basal lamina of the epithelium with causes peristalsis to assist spermatozoa moving along.
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Ductus Deferens has a very unique feature...
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Very thick muscular wall (3 layers.)
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What is the epithelium of ductus deferens?
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Pseudostratified columnar with stereocilia
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Is ductus deferens involed in expulsion of the spermatozoa during ejaculation?
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yes!! strong peristaltic contrations.
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What is the final portion of the pathway before semen is dumped into the prostatic urethra?
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Ampulla and ejaculatory duct
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Ejaculatory duct enters where in the urethra?
Does it have muscular layers? |
Penetrates the prostate and enters the prostatic urethra.
No muscular layers. |
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What are the three accessory genital glands?
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Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland Bulbourethral gland |
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Seminal vesicles develop as outgrowths from______?
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Ductus deferens
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Seminal vesicle secretions make up how much of the human ejaculate?
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70%
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Describe the structure of the seminal vesicles (Histologically).
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Honeycomb of branching chambers. Lined with cuboidal or nonciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
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What are the three concentric layers of the prostate?
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-Peripheral zone (outer MAIN gland )
-Transition zone (smallest, inner) Submucosal gland -Central zone (deepest) Mucosal gland |
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Which layer of the prostate is the main site for prostate cancer?
Which layer are benign hyperplasias found? |
-Peripheral zone (MAIN)
-Transition zone |
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What are prostatic concretions?
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Calcified glycoproteins found in the lumen
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Prostate epithelium is?
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usually simple columnar
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This disease affects 40-50% of men above 50, results in obstruction of the urethra due to enlargement, causes an urge to urinate and produces dribbling of urine. These describe what disease?
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Benign prostatic hypertrophy
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Second most common cancer in men. Prostatic-specific antigen can be detected and used for diagnosis. This describes what disease?
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Malignant prostatic tumor.
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How many layers do seminal vesicles have?
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3 layers.
-Mucosa -Muscularis -Adventitia |
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Bulbourethral glands are located in which part of the male urethra?
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Membranous urethra
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Describe the shunt between the Deep artery and the deep dorsal vein of the penis.
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There is a connection between these two vessels that allow blood to bypass erectile tissue, thus allowing penis to remain flaccid.
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Erectile tissue that is bilarteral and located on the dorsal side is the...
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Corpus cavernosum
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Erectile tissue associated with the urethra is called: (Two things).
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Corpus cavernosum of the urethra/corpus spongiosum
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Concerning the 3 segments of the urethra, what are they and what is the corresponding epithelia?
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-Prostatic urethra: Transitional
-Membranous urethra: Transitional -Penile urethra: Pseudostratified columnar |
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What is the epithelia of the navicular fossa?
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Non-keratinized stratified squamous
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