S2 Neuro Exam 5: Limbic System I

Front 1

What structures make up the hippocampal formation?


What is the fxn?

Back 1

dentate gyrus
hippocampus proper
subiculum

memory & learning

Front 2

The hippocampus is continuous w/ the ______________ through the subiculum

Back 2

parahipocammpal gyrus

Front 3

The limbic cortex is typically __________ & ___________

Back 3

paleocortex (3-5 layers) & archicortex

Front 4

What are the main borders of the hippocampal formation?

Back 4

-hippocampal sulcus (grove btwn parahippocampal gyrus/subiculum & dentate gyri)
-choroid fissure
-inferior horn of lateral ventricle

Front 5

The hippocampus proper (cornu ammonis, CA) is a 3 layered cortex, divided into 4 regions (CA1-4) based on what?

Back 5

differential sensitivity to oxygen deprivation & corticosteroids
& involvment in memory circuitry

Front 6

The ______________ lies btwn the hippocampus & subiculum & receives major input from entorhinal cortex

Back 6

dentate gyrus

Front 7

The subiculum forms a transition area btwn the parohippocampal gyrus & the ________________

What originates from the subiculum?

Back 7

hippocampus proper CA regions


projections from the hippocampal formation to the mammillary bodies

Front 8

The hippocampal formation has efferent projections to the ____________ via the fornix
The fornix is formed from the _________ as it leaves the hippocampus

Back 8

mamillary bodies


fimbria
(fimbria = collection of nerve fibers from alveus)

Front 9

The fornix forms 2 major projections from the hippocampus & subiculum to where?

Back 9

precomissural projection to septal area & hypothalamus
&
postcomissural projection to mammilary bodies

Front 10

The hippocampal formation has afferent connections from the ______________, ______________, & ____________ (also via fornix)

These afferents work together to incorporate _______

Back 10

etorhinal cortex (olfactory info),
parahippocampal gyrus (visual & sensory info), &
basal forebrain (septal area, hypothalamus, amygdala)

*MEMORY

Front 11

T/F
Most of the afferent connects TO the hippocampus also recieve efferent info FROM hippocampus

Back 11

TRUE

Front 12

Efferent output from the hippocampus to __________ is associated w/ cortical activation, motivation, & autonomic components of memory & behavior & generation of theta rhythm

Back 12

PREcommisural areas

(septal area, ant hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, substantia innominata, medial frontal cortex)

Front 13

Efferent output from the hippocampus to the ________________ is associated w/ declarative memory

Back 13

medial mammillary nuc (Papez circuit)-->
POSTcommisural areas

Front 14

Other efferent arise from the subiculum & include ______________ (feeding behavior) & _______________ (memory assoc)

Back 14

ventromedial nuc of hypothalamus (feeding)

lateral dorsal nuc of thalamus (memory assoc w/ cingulate gyrus)

Front 15

Describe the circuit of Papez

Back 15

begins- entorhinal cortex (parahippocampal gyrus)-->
projects tohippocampus (subiculum)-->
projects to mammilary bodies-->
project to the anterior nuclei of the thalamus--> project to cingulate gyrus (via the internal capsule)-->
**cingulate gyrus then projects back to entorhinal area (via cingulum bundle)

Front 16

Cingualte cortex distributes info into & out of ___________

Back 16

Papez’s circuit

Front 17

Papezis circuit is related to __________


Where does the circuit distribute info?

Back 17

behavioral motivation

distributes primarily to prefrontal & premotor areas & visual auditory & somatosenaory association cortex.

Front 18

What is the main descending pathway from Papez's circuit?

Back 18

mammilotegmental fasciculus

(goes to reticular formation & raphe nuc)

Front 19

The ________ is in the anterior medial temporal lobe. It uses visceral & somatic sensory inputs to coordinate emotional responses to pleasurable, fearful & visceral stimuli.

Back 19

amygdaloid complex



(mostly sympathetic autonomic & fear responses)

Front 20

What are the 2 primary nuclear groups of the amygdala?

Back 20

1. corticomedial group- primary connections w/ olfactory bulbs
2. basolateral group- connects w/ broader regions (corticomedial group, entorhinal cortex, septal area)

Front 21

The ___________ group plays a role in autonomic reg of visceral stimuli associated w/ reproduction, feeding, & survival (olfactory funxtion)

Back 21

corticomedial group

(via brainstem, hypothalamus, & thalamus connections)

Front 22

Corticomedial group connects w/ ____________--> rewarding nature of behavior, and w/ ____________--> motor behavior

What is the major connection?

Back 22

nucleus accumbens (reward)

caudate & putamen (motor)

septal nuclei via stria terminalis

Front 23

The _____________ group plays a role in a wide range of somatosensory, visual, & visceral functions

This group contains ________ neurons

Back 23

basolateral group


GABA neurons
(GABA agonists reduces anxiety)

Front 24

The basolateral group connects to the hypothalamus, substantia innominata, & septal nuclei via the __________________ pathway

These projections are involved in what?

Back 24

ventral amygdalofugal pathway

involved in integration of autonomic & cortical info into the affective aspects of memory & behavior (aggression, fear)

Front 25

The ___________ sends diffuse cholinergic projections to cerebral cortex as part of reticular arousal (emotional stimuli)

Back 25

substantial innominata (basal nucleus, includes Nuc of Meynert))

Front 26

The substantia innominata also is involved in _________________ via brainstem, locus ceruleus, raphe

Back 26

cortical activation


**degeneration assoc w/ alzheimers

Front 27

What pathway links the septal nuclei w/ the habenular nuclei, interpeduncular nucleus, & brainstem tegmentum autonomic nuclei?

Back 27

stria medullaris thalami

Front 28

Connections btwn habenular nuclei & globus pallidus linkes the ______________ w/ motor expression of autonomic related behavior (facial expressions, laughing, crying)

Back 28

septal nuclei

Front 29

The most important function of septal area connections is in regulation of ________ & ________

Back 29

visceral reactions & behaviors

Front 30

Septal area has cholinergic neurons that project to _____ & _______

what does this contribute to?

Back 30

hippocampus & amygdala


theta rhythm & memory formation

Front 31

The ________-
-lies at the jxn of the caudate & putamen
-receives input from the amygdala, hippocampus, & dopaminergic nuclei (substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area)
-projects to hypothalamus, brainstem & globus pallidus

Back 31

nucleus accumbens

Front 32

What does the nucleus accumbens contribute to? (fxn)

Via what kind of receptors?

Back 32

rewarding nature of behaviors (addiction)


endogenous opiod receptors (may be assoc w/ addiction & OCD)