S2 I&i Exam 5: Bacterial Genetics

Front 1

Bacterial DNA is (double/single) stranded

Back 1

double stranded

Front 2

Bacterial DNA replicated in a _______________ manner

Back 2

bidirectional


(from a distinct starting point, each strand begins to replicate in opposite direction)

Front 3

Bacterial DNA is also semi-conservative. What does this mean?

Back 3

Each of the 2 new double-stranded DNA molecules contains 1 of the original strands

Front 4

DNA is ___________ to RNA

RNA is __________ to protein

Back 4

transcribed

translated

Front 5

Transcription begins when _____________ recognizes the __________ on the promoter region & binds

= INITIATION

Back 5

RNA polymerase

sigma factor (σ)

Front 6

Transcription continues as RNA polymerase synthesizes complementary RNA in the _________ direction

= ELONGATION

Back 6

5'--> 3' direction

Front 7

Transcription ends when RNA polymerase reaches a ____________


= TERMINATION

Back 7

terminator sequence


(terminator sequence forms hairpin loop, RNA polymerase falls off DNA & releases RNA)

Front 8

What are the 3 major components of Translation?

Back 8

mRNA
ribosomes
tRNA

Front 9

__________ carries instructions & information for translation (where to begin, etc) in codons

Back 9

mRNA

Front 10

_________ contains anticodons complementary to the mRNA codon

Back 10

tRNA

Front 11

Bacterial Genetics can be transferred 3 ways, what are they?

Back 11

1. DNA-mediated transformation (naked DNA)
2. Transduction (via virus)
4. Conjugation (direct contact)

Front 12

Describe DNA-mediated transformation

Back 12

Growing bacterial cells takes in new "naked" DNA from a ruptured bacterial cell, through cell wall & cell membrane

Front 13

Describe Generalized Transduction

Back 13

Bacteriophage injects DNA into host Bacteria-->
Bacteriophages takes over new cell-->
Some of the host DNA gets mixed w/ viral DNA-->
Bacteriophage injects DNA (viral & bactertial) into new host-->
Host take up bacterial DNA = transduction

(bacteriophage w/ bacterial DNA is defective so that new host does not die)

Front 14

Describe Specialized Transduction

Back 14

TEMPERATE phage DNA injected into Bacteria-->
Phage DNA + Bacterial host DNA = prophage-->
prophage exocytosed from host cell-->
Phage injects DNA (viral & bacterial) into new host-->
Host cell integrates bacterial DNA

(no new phages form in host bc bacteriophage containing bacterial DNA is defective)

Front 15

____________ involves direct contact btwn donor & recepient.
What kind of DNA is transferred?

Back 15

Conjugation

plasmid DNA

Front 16

What is zone of inhibition size dependent on?

Back 16

characteristics of drug & susceptibilty of microorganism to that drug


(more effective drug = larger zone, Kirby-Bauer test)