S2 Bsf Exam 1: Cardiovascular Histology

Front 1

3 important specializations of the intercalated disc

Back 1

1. Fascia adherens
2. Desmosomes
3. Gap (nexus) junctions

Front 2

attachment site for actin filaments of the terminal sacromeres

Back 2

Fascia Adherens

Front 3

what is responsible for physically holding the myocyte ends together and composed of varing intermediate filaments

Back 3

Desmosomes

Front 4

Protein hexamers with a central hydrophilic pore present in large numbers in each gap junction

Back 4

Connexons

Front 5

the layers of hte cardiac myocytes "insert" into dense connective tissure that comprises

Back 5

the fibrous skeleton of the heart

Front 6

where is the fibrous skeleton of the heart

Back 6

1. around the base of the aorta, pulmonary artery and AV orifices
2. near the aortic valve cusp
3. upper portion of the AV septum

Front 7

Purkinje fibers are derived from

Back 7

cardiac myocytes

Front 8

Purkinje fibers are most easily found in

Back 8

subendothelial connective tissue

Front 9

Roles of Ca+2

Back 9

1. (Major) induce further Ca+2 release from the SR
2. membrane depolarization
3. providing a minor portion of the Ca+2 that binds troponin C

Front 10

Ca-induced Ca+2 released is triggered at

Back 10

diads

Front 11

Calcium Paradox

Back 11

rapid return of normal blood flow can lead to myocardial death due to a massive influx of calcium into cardiac myocytes.

Front 12

signature characteristic of large elastic arteries

Back 12

thick tunica media
(no fibroblasts)

Front 13

Vaso Vasorum

Back 13

They are a system of vessels that supply both oxygen and nutrients to the vascular wall
these provide nutrients to cells that lie in the outer tunic

Front 14

the hallmark characteristic of muscular arteries

Back 14

layers of smooth muscle in tunica media


(also have distinct internal elastic lamina in tunica intima)

Front 15

arterioles that are continuous with capillary beds

Back 15

metarterioles

Front 16

Weibel-Palade bodies

Back 16

electron dense organelles/membrane-bound inclusions of arterial endothelial cells that contain glycoprotein coagulation factor (Von Willebrand factor)

Front 17

Von Willebrand factor is important in

Back 17

platelet aggregation during clot formation

Front 18

function of pericytes

Back 18

1. regulation of blood flow through capillaries
2. division and formation of new vessels and connective tissue in response to vessel damage

Front 19

Where are mitochondria found

Back 19

adjacent to the sarcolemma, wedged between myofibrils and in the perinucular space

Front 20

Lipofuschin granules are often located

Back 20

near the nucleus particularly in older cells

Front 21

what layer of the heart is responsible for contraction of hte atrial and ventricular wall

Back 21

Myocardium

Front 22

Purkinje fiber function

Back 22

specialized for rapid impulse conduction

Front 23

Purkinje fibers are connected by______ but do not have ______

Back 23

Connected by gap junction
dont have intercalated disks

Front 24

Internal elastic lamina

Back 24

marks the outer most boundary of hte intima and is a signature characteristic of arteries. it is composed of elastin and is fenestrated to permit diffusion of nutrients to cells deeper in the vessel wall.

Front 25

where do leukocytes exit the bloodstream

Back 25

venules

Front 26

most large veins have a poorly defined tunica media except

Back 26

pulmonary veins
-developed circular smooth muscle layer in the tuncia media

Front 27

what layer of the veins are valves developed from?

Back 27

tunica intima

Front 28

tuncia adventitia of medium veins

Back 28

the thickest tunic and has elastic fibers, collagen bundles and some smooth muscle cells arranged longitudinally

Front 29

are there smooth muscle in veins?

Back 29

Yes!
In the adventitia of some large veins such as those laying below the heart

Front 30

Do any veins have cardiac muscle?

Back 30

Yes! vena cavae and pulmonary veins may posses some cardiac muscle in the adventitia near the junction of the heart

Front 31

tunica adentitia of large veins

Back 31

thick and well developed in most large veins.
-many elastic fibers and longitudinally-oriented collagen

Front 32

which capillaries has a diaphragm and which do not?

Back 32

Has-Fenestrated
Does Not- Sinusoidal

Front 33

Major Functions of capillaries

Back 33

1. Selective permeability
2. Synthetic/ metabolic activies
3. Antithrombogenic function

Front 34

which capillaries has an enlarged diameter to slow circulation?

Back 34

Sinusoidal

Front 35

which capillaries endothelial wall is discontinuous and have pores without diaphragms?

Back 35

Sinusoidal

Front 36

where are sinusoidal capillaries found?

Back 36

liver
spleen
lymph organs
bone marrow and endocrine glands

Front 37

which capillaries have a diaphragm?

Back 37

Fenestrated

Front 38

where are fenestrated capollaries?

Back 38

in tissue where rapid exchange occurs between the blood and tissue
-intestine
-endocrine glands
-kidney

Front 39

which capillaries have no fenestration and have tight junction between endothelial cells?

Back 39

continuous capillaries

Front 40

Where are pinocytotic vesicles absent in the capillary endothelium of continuous capillaries?

Back 40

Nervous system
- blood brain barrier

Front 41

what is different about tunica media of lymphatic ducts compaired to that of veins?

Back 41

Has circular and longitudinal smooth muscle

Front 42

tunica adventitia of lymph duct?

Back 42

has longitiudinal smooth muscle and collagen fibers

Front 43

lymph vessels will eventually drain into the 2 final collecting vessels, the lymphatic ducts:

Back 43

1. Right lymphatic duct
2. Thoracic duct

Front 44

The epicardium is covered by

Back 44

mesothelium
-simple squamous epithelium

Front 45

homologous to (continuous with) tunica intima

Back 45

endocardium