S2 Anatomy Exam 2: Triangles Of The Neck

Front 1

what fascia encloses the vertebral column and associated with muscles ie the vertebral compartment

Back 1

prevertebral fascia



(deep/investing)

Front 2

what fascia encloses the visceral compartment?

Back 2

pretracheal fascia



(deep/investing)

Front 3

what fascia encloses the vascular compartment?

Back 3

carotid sheaths (bilateral)



(deepinvesting)

Front 4

The Cricoid Cartilage is located at what vertebral level?

Back 4

Cv 6


(hyoid bone at C3, thyroid cartilage at C4/5)

Front 5

SCM muscle has what action when contracting unilaterally?

when contracting bilaterally?

Back 5

rotate the face toward the contralateral side

draws head forward & chin up

*divides neck into anterior & posterior triangles

Front 6

SCM is innervated by

Back 6

accessory nerve (CN XI)

proprioceptive fibers from anterior rami of C2

Front 7

The roof of the posterior cervical triangle is formed by....

the floor is formed by...

Back 7

investing layer of deep cervical fascia (roof)

prevertebral fascia and subjacent muscles (floor)

Front 8

the posterior cervical triangle is subdivided by the _______________ into the occipital triangle & subclavian/supraclavicular triangle

Back 8

inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle

Front 9

muscles in the floor of the posterior triangle

Back 9

splenius capitis
levator scapulae
posterior scalene
middle scalene
anterior scalene

Front 10

platysma develops from

Back 10

second pharyngeal arch of the embryo



action= moves lower lip & mouth corners down, tense skin of inferior face & neck (no double chin)

Front 11

Platysma is innervated by

Back 11

facial nerve (CN VII)
(innervated muscles from the 2nd pharyngeal arch)

Front 12

Platysma crosses the posterior and anterior cervical triangles within

Back 12

superficial fascia

Front 13

superficial structures of the posterior triangle:

Back 13

-external jugular vein
-cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus (lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular nerves)

Front 14

deep structures of posterior triangle:

Back 14

-spinal accessory nerve
-suprascapular artery
-roots, trunks, & branches of brachial plexus

Front 15

external jugular vein is formed by the union of

Back 15

posterior branch of the retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein

Front 16

external jugular vein pierces the investing layer of deep cervical fascia to enter the

Back 16

subclavian vein

Front 17

if the external jugular vein is cut where it pierces the investing layer of fascia,what can happen?

Back 17

venous air embolism
may obstruct blood flow through the heart

Front 18

Cutaneous nerves of the posterior cervical triangle emerge?

Back 18

near the middle of the posterior border of the SCM

Front 19

Cervical plexus of nerves is formed by

Back 19

anterior rami of spinal nerves C1-C4

Front 20

Nerve Root of Lesser Occipital nerve

Back 20

C2



(cutaneous branch of cervical plexus)

Front 21

Nerve Root Great Auricular

Back 21

C2-C3



(cutaneous branch of cervical plexus)

Front 22

Nerve Root of Transverse Cervical

Back 22

C2-C3



(cutaneous branch of cervical plexus)

Front 23

Nerve Root of Supraclavicular nerve

Back 23

C3-C4



(cutaneous branch of cervical plexus)

Front 24

Spinal accessory Nerve (CN XI) innervates

Back 24

trapezius and SCM

Front 25

Injury to Spinal accessory Nerve (CN XI) would result in

Back 25

inability to shrug shoulder and difficulty abducting the arm above the horizontal plane

Front 26

Subclavian Vein is the continuation of the

Back 26

Axillary Vein
(at the lateral border of the 1st rib)

Front 27

Subclavian vein passes anterior to the

Back 27

Anterior Scalene Muscle

Front 28

Subclavian vein joins _____ to form the brachiocephalic vein

Back 28

internal jugular vein

Front 29

Subclavian vein receives what vein as a tributary

Back 29

external jugular vein


*used as central line access to heart

Front 30

3rd part of the subclavian artery can be compressed against the 1st rib to

Back 30

control bleeding from the upper extremity
(in supraclavicular triangle)

Front 31

transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries are branches of

Back 31

thyrocervical trunk


*transverse cervical may divide into sup/deep branches

Front 32

Thyrocervical trunk is a branch off of the

Back 32

1st part of the subclavian artery

Front 33

if only the superficial part of the transverse cervical artery is present what happends

Back 33

a dorsal scapular artery then branches from the 3rd part of the subclavian artery (replacing deep branch)

Front 34

Roots of the brachial plexus emerges with the subclavian artery into what triangle?

Back 34

interscalene triangle


(then pass through cervicoaxillary canal to reach axillary region)

Front 35

Interscalene triangle is formed by

Back 35

anterior and middle scalene muscles and the 1st rib

Front 36

phrenic nerve descends along the anterior surface of the

Back 36

anterior scalene muscle


(nerve to subclavius may give off accessory phrenic)

Front 37

nerve roots of suprascapular nerve

Back 37

C5-C6


(suprascapular nerve & artery go to supraspinatus & infraspinatus)

Front 38

dorsal scapular nerve pierces

Back 38

the middle scalene muscle

Front 39

Anterior Cervical Triangle is bounded by the

Back 39

- Anterior border of hte sternocleidomastoid muscle
- Midline of the neck
- Inferior border of the Mandible
- Manubrium of the sternum

Front 40

What triangle?
bounded by the digastric muscle and the mandible

contains salivary & lymph glands, hypoglossal & mylohyoid nerves, facial & submental a & v)

Back 40

Submandibular Triangle

Front 41

What triangle?
Above the hyoid bone between the anterior belly of the digastric muscle and midline of the neck

contains lymph nodes & veins

Back 41

Submental Triangle

Front 42

What triangle?
bounded by the posterior digastric, superior belly of the omohyoid and the sternocleidomastoid

Back 42

Carotid Triangle

Front 43

What triangle?
defined by the midline of the neck, superior belly of the omohyoid, and the sternocleidomastoid

contains infrahyoid m., thyroid, & parathryoid

Back 43

Muscular Triangle

Front 44

Structures in superficial fascia over the anterior triangle of the neck include the:

Back 44

1. Platysma Muscle
2. Anterior Jugular Veins
(jugular venous arch)
3. Transverse Cervical Nerves

Front 45

Each anterior jugular drains into

Back 45

an External Jugular Vein



(anastomose via jugular venous arch)

Front 46

Superfical layer of infrahyold (strap) Muscle

Back 46

Sternohyoid (medial)
Omohyoid (superior belly, lateral)

Front 47

Deep layer of the infrahyold muscle

Back 47

Sternothyroid (superior)
Thyrohyoid (inferior)

Front 48

Which infrahyold muscle isnt innervated by the ansa cervicalis nerve loop

Back 48

thyrohyoid
(innervated by hypoglossal n. CN 12)

Front 49

nerve roots of the ansa cervicalis

Back 49

Anterior rami of C1-3

Front 50

Isthmus connecting 2 lateral lobes of throid gland, crosses tracheal rings __-__

Back 50

2-4

Front 51

Thyroid gland arteriol supply

Back 51

superior thyroid arteries
inferior thyroid arteries
thyroid ima artery

*drained by sup, mid, inf thyroid veins

Front 52

Superior Thyroid arteries branch from

Back 52

external carotid

Front 53

Inferior Thyroid Arteries branch from

Back 53

thyrocervical trunk

Front 54

what muscle prevents upward expansion of an enlarging thyroid gland

Back 54

sternothyroid muscle

Front 55

blood supply of the parathyroid gland

Back 55

inferior thyroid arteries

Front 56

Carotid triangle is bounded by

Back 56

1. superior belly of omohyoid
2. Posterior Belly of the digastric
3. Anterior Border of the SCM

Front 57

Major contents of the carotid triangle

Back 57

- Cervical branch of CN VII
- Common Carotid Artery(and the divisions and branches of external carotid)
- Internal Jugular Vein
- Vagus Nerve (CN X)
- Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
- Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
- Superior and Inferior roots of the ansa cervicalis

Front 58

Right common carotid artery arises from

Back 58

brachiocephalic trunk

Front 59

Left Common Carotid Artery Arises from

Back 59

arch of aorta

Front 60

What is contained in the carotid sheaths, which surround each common carotid artery?

Back 60

Common carotid
Internal Jugular
Vagus Nerve

Front 61

Common carotid artery may be compressed against the large anterior tubercle of vertebra _______ to help control bleeding from branches of the carotid artery

Back 61

Vertebra Cv6 (carotid tubercle)

Front 62

Carotid Sinus detects

Back 62

blood pressure receptor



*may become hypersensitive & result in fainting (carotid sinus syncope)

Front 63

Carotid Body detects

Back 63

chemoreceptor for blood gases

Front 64

Branches of the external carotid arteries that are present in the carotid triangle

Back 64

Superior thyroid artery
lingual artery
facial artery
ascending pharyngeal artery
Occipital artery

Front 65

the internal jugular vein is the continuation of

When might it be distended?

Back 65

sigmoid sinus

if venous return to R atrium is obstructed

*has sup & inf bulbs

Front 66

what lymph nodes drain all the lymph from the head and neck

Back 66

deep cervical lymph nodes

Front 67

what innervated the muscles of the laynx, pharynx and soft palate & supplies sensory to larynx & lower pharynx?

Back 67

Vagus Nerves (CN X)

Front 68

Nerves in the anterior triangle

Back 68

vagus nerve
ansa cervicalis
hypoglossal nerve

Front 69

The submandibular triangle is bounded by

Back 69

- inferior border of the mandible
- Anterior and Posterior bellies of the digastric muscle
-floor is mylohyoid muscles

Front 70

What is anterior to the anterior scalene?

Back 70

Phrenic Nerve
Transverse Cervical Artery
Suprascapular Artery
Subclavian Vein
Ascending Cervical Artery

Front 71

What is posterior to the anterior scalene?

Back 71

Subclavian Artery
Root of the Brachial Plexus

Front 72

During a tracheotomy (tracheostomy), midline structures present potential hazards, including the

Back 72

- Anterior Jugular Vein (or large communicating Vein from the facial vein)
- Jugular Venous Arch
- Isthmus
- Inferior Thyroid Vein
- Thyroid Ima Artery

Front 73

the recurrent laryngeal nerve is in the

Back 73

tracheoesophageal groove

Front 74

The thoracic duct ends in or near the junction of the

Back 74

Left internal jugular and subclavian veins
(Left Venous Angle)

Front 75

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs around the

Back 75

Right subclavian artery

Front 76

On the right side of the root of the neck, the right lymphatic duct is formed by the union of the

Back 76

Right Jugular, Subclavian and perhaps bronchomediastinal lymphaphatic trunks
(drains into the right venous angle)

Front 77

Stylohyoid is innervated by?

Back 77

facial nerve (C7)



Action= draws hyoid upward & backward

Front 78

anterior belly of digastric is innervated by?

Back 78

Mylohoid Nerve from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve (C5)



Action= open mouth (elevate hyoid, depress mandible)

Front 79

Posterior belly of digastric is innervated by?

Back 79

Facial Nerve (C7)



(both bellies insert into intermediate tendon that attaches to hyoid bone)

Front 80

Mylohyoid is innervated by?

Back 80

Mylohoid Nerve from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve (V3)

Front 81

geniohyoid & thyrohyoid are innervated by?

Back 81

anterior rami of C1 (carried along the hypoglossal nerve)

Front 82

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, & sternothyroid are innervated by

Back 82

anasa cervicalis

Front 83

what nerve innervated the cricothyroid muscle?

Back 83

External laryngeal nerve

Front 84

the external laryngeal nerve descends with what artery?

Back 84

Superior Thyroid Artery

Front 85

what nerve pierces the thyroid membrane between the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone

Back 85

internal laryngeal nerve

Front 86

Internal laryngeal nerve runs with what artery?

Back 86

superior laryngeal artery

Front 87

Infection w/i the pretracheal space can spread where?

Back 87

to superior mediastinum (anterior part)

Front 88

Infection w/i retropharyngeal space may cause what?

Back 88

deep abscess to SCM with dysphagia & dyspnea; may spread to posterior mediastinum (upper part).

Front 89

Infection w/i prevertebral space may spread where?

Back 89

to diaphram via posterior mediastinum

Front 90

Anatompathological Lesions of SCM cause ______ in adults & __________ in children

Back 90

spasmodic torticollis (adult)

congenital toricollis (wry neck)

-neck bends to side

Front 91

Persistance of a thyroglossal duct may lead to what?

Back 91

ectopic thyroid tissue cyst formation

Front 92

Muscles of the tongue are innervated by........

Back 92

hypoglossal nerve (CN 12)

Front 93

What are the boundaries of the root of the neck?

Back 93

body of 1st thoracic vertebra (posteriorly), manubrium sterni (anteriorly), &
1st pair of ribs & costal cartilages (laterally)

Front 94

Contents of root of neck

Back 94

1. anterior scalene
2. subclavian artery
3. thoracic duct
4. inferior cervical & stellate sympathetic ganglion
5. apex of lung

Front 95

The anterior scalene divides the subclavian artery into 3 parts, what does the 1st/medial part give off?

Back 95

-vertebral artery
-internal thoracic artery
-thyrocervical trunk

Front 96

what arteries branch off the thyrocervical trunk (off of the 1st part of the subclavian)?

Back 96

-inferior thyroid artery (gives off ascending cervical)
-transverse cervical artery
-suprascapular artery

Front 97

what does the 2nd/posterior part give off?

Back 97

costocervical trunk, which divides into;
-deep cervical artery
-superior intercostal artery

Front 98

what does the 3rd/lateral part give off?

Back 98

MAY give off dorsal scapular artery

Front 99

What is a stellate ganglion blockade used for?

Back 99

-treat acute/complex pain of head, neck & upper extremities


stellate ganglion = fusion of CN 7 & 8 ganglia