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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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VIRULENCE
- Protein A seen in which bug? - Protein A function? |
- Staph. "A"ureus
- Binds Fc region of Ig - Prevents Opsonization & Phagocytosis |
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VIRULENCE
- which bugs cleave IgA? |
(SHiN bugs)
- Strep. pneumoniae - HiB - Neisseria |
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VIRULENCE
- Protein M seen in which bug? - Protein M function? |
- GAS
(Strep. Pyogenes) - Prevents Phagocytosis |
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VIRULENCE
- which bug has a C5a Protease? - what is the resulting effect when this bug utilizes C5a Proteases? |
- Strep pyogenes
- prevents C5a anaphylaxis (thus decreased inflammatory response) |
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VIRULENCE
- Primary virulence factor for Listeria? - what is the virulence factor function? |
- Listerolysin O
- Lyses phagolysosomal membranes (escape into the intracellular) |
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VIRULENCE
- UTI virulence factor? - primarily seen in which bacteria type? |
(P is for Penis/Pussy infection)
P - Fimbriae (aka - p-pili) - Gram Negative (e.coli) |
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VIRULENCE
- Neonatal meningitis virulence factor? |
(S is for Skull)
S- Fimbriae (aka: s-pili) - Gram Negative (e.coli) |
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VIRULENCE
- what gram positive bacteria can utilize ENDOToxin? - what is the name of this ENDOToxin released by the above Gram Positive bacteria. - this bacteria also releases what important EXOToxin? |
- Listeria
- LipoTeichoicAcid (LTA) - Listerolysin O |
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- which one is secreted from cell? |
- Exotoxin (GP)
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- which one is Polypeptide - which one is Polysaccharide |
- Exotoxin (GP)
- Endotoxin (LPS - GN) |
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- Endotoxins are released how? - Exotoxins are released how? |
- Secreted by GP bacteria
- Released when GN bacteria lyse |
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- which toxin is actually part of the bacterial structure? |
- LPS Endotoxin of GN
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- which toxin specifically induces TNF & IL-1 (thus Fever & Shock)? |
- Endotoxin
(exotoxin has various modes/effects) |
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- Exotoxin is encoded where genetically? - Endotoxin is encoded where genetically? |
EXOToxin:
- Plasmid or - Bacteriophage ENDOToxin - Chromosome |
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- which toxin is HIGH in toxicity (fatal dose on the order of 1 microgram) |
("XXX")
- Exotoxin (endotoxin is low in toxicity) |
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- which toxin can be utilized for vaccines? |
- Exotoxin
(not for endo, so no vaccine from endo) |
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- which toxin is highly antigenic? |
- Exotoxin
(exotoxin induces high-titer antibodies called Anti-Toxins) |
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- which toxin is readily destroyed at lower temperatures? - what temperature? - what is the exception to the above? |
- Exotoxin
- @ 60 degrees celsius - Staphlyococcal Enterotoxin |
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- which toxin is stable at high temperatures? - how high of a temperature? |
- Endotoxin
- up to 100 degrees celsius and still stable |
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- what is the ONLY Exotoxin that does not get degraded at 60 degrees celcius? |
- Staphylococcus Enterotoxin
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- Exotoxin examples in disease (x4) |
- Tetanus
- Cornyebacterium diphtheriae - Botulism - Strep. pyogenes |
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- Endotoxin examples in disease (x2) |
- Sepsis (by GN rods)
- Meningococcemia |
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ADHESION MOLECULES
- what are the adhesion molecules for Strep. Pyogenes? - what Receptor is utilized for this shit? |
(Strep. Pyo MLF)
- M protein - Lecithin - F protein - Fibronectin receptor |
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- which toxin causes tissue injury with SPECIFICITY? - which toxin causes tissue injury with NON-Specificity? |
("X" marks the specific spot)
Exotoxin Endotoxin (via "N"nate immunity) |
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EXOTOXIN vs. ENDOTOXIN
- which toxin is associated with superantigen? |
- Exotoxins
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SUPERANTIGENS
- bind directly to which receptors? - how does this activate the T-cell? |
Simultaneously binds
- MHC II - TCR (Vb: variable beta domain) Direct activation regardless of Ag specificity |
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SUPERANTIGENS
- simultaneous superantigen receptor binding causes massive amounts of T-cells to secrete what? |
CD4 T-cell cytokines:
- IFN-gamma - IL-2 (also TNF & IL-1) |
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SUPERANTIGENS
- what 2 bugs have superantigens? |
- S. aureus
- S. pyogenes |
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SUPERANTIGENS
- Staph. aureus superantigen is called? - Strep. pyogenes superantigen called what? |
- TSST-1
- Enterotoxin - Erythrogenic toxin (seen in scarlet fevah fevah fevah) |
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SUPERANTIGENS
T/F: Exfolatin causing widespread SSS is a Superantigen. T/F : Skin taken from a SSS child will show S. aureus organisms. |
False.
False (only will have the Exfolatin exotoxin) |
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SUPERANTIGENS
- Superantigen induced activation of CD4 T-cells also cause proliferation of what cells? |
- APC
- CD4 T-cells |
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SUPERANTIGENS
- what are the 3 ways Toxic Shock Syndrome could be induced |
1.) TSST + Staph. aureus
2.) TSST + Streptococci 3.) Circulating Enterotoxin (Note: Enterotoxin is a superantigen meant for the GI, not the blood vessels) |
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ADP RIBOSYLATING EXOTOXINS
- are what kind of toxins? - are of what subtype? |
- Exotoxins
- A-B toxins |
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ADP RIBOSYLATING EXOTOXINS
- what does the A of A-B exotoxins do? - what does the B of A-B exotoxins do? |
- Toxic portion
- "B"inding portion |
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ADP RIBOSYLATING EXOTOXINS
- which bacteria utilizes ADP Riboxylating Exotoxins to inhibit protein synthesis? - give the exotoxin names |
(P C = Protein Cessation)
- Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (Exotoxin A : Diphtheria-like Exotoxin) - Cornyebacterium Diphtheriae (Diphtheriae Exotoxin) |
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ADP RIBOSYLATING EXOTOXINS
- what is the MOA of Pseudomonas A-Toxin & Cornyebacterium Diphtheria-Toxin? |
- Blocks host EF2
(thus inhibiting host protein synthesis) |
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ADP RIBOSYLATING EXOTOXINS
- which bacteria uses ADP Ribosylating Exotoxins to increase cAMP? - name the toxins for each |
(EBV cAMP)
- ETEC (Cholera like LT Toxin: heat Labile toxin) - Bordetella Pertussis (Pertussis Toxin) - Vibrio Cholera (Cholera toxin) |
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ADP RIBOSYLATING EXOTOXINS
Receptor effects increasing cAMP for: - ETEC (Cholera like - LT toxin) - Bordetella Pertussis (Pertussis toxin) - Vibrio Cholera (Cholera toxin) |
LT Toxin: Stimulates Gs
(adenlyate cyclase increased) Pertussis Toxin: Inhibits Gi Cholera Toxin: Stimulates Gs (adenylate cyclase increased) |
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ADP RIBOSYLATING EXOTOXINS
- V. Cholera toxin and ETEC LT-Toxin affects electrolytes how? |
- increases OUT pumping of Cl- into gut
- decreases Na+ resorption |
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ADP RIBOSYLATING EXOTOXINS
- what Clostridium species have Exotoxins that have ADP Ribosylating Exotoxins? |
- C. Perferingens (Iota Toxin)
- C. Botulism (C2 Enterotoxin) |
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ADP RIBOSYLATING EXOTOXINS
- Iota Toxin belongs to which bacteria? - what is its actions? |
- C. Perfringens
- Lecithinase (all cells have lecithin so necrosing gangrene) |
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EXOTOXINS
- list the Exotoxins that increase cAMP - which one is NOT ADP Ribosylating? |
(cAMP = cAMP)
- Cholera Toxin - Anthrax Toxin - "m" = ETEC LT Toxin (chlolera like) - Pertussis toxin - Anthrax toxin is NOT ribosylating |
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EXOTOXINS
- ETEC Cholera-like LT toxin MOA - ETEC Cholera-like ST toxin MOA |
- increases Gs ==> increases cAMP
- increases cGMP |
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NEURO / METALLEOPROTEASE TOXINS
- what toxin causes Flaccid paralysis - MOA |
- Botulism toxin
- blocks Ach relase at NMJ |
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NEURO / METALLEOPROTEASE TOXINS
- what toxin causes Spastic paralysis? - MOA |
- Tetanus toxin (Tetanospasmin)
- Blocks Glycine & GABA release (remember both are inhibitory NT) |
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NEURO / METALLEOPROTEASE TOXINS
- what is the name of the toxin associated with Bacillus Anthracis? |
- Lethal Factor
(Edema Factor for the increased cAMP) |
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ENTEROTOXINS
- which enterotoxins are exotoxins which blocks protein synthesis? - MOA |
- Shiga toxin
- EHEC: Shiga like toxin (SLT) --> 60s Ribosoma subunit |
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ENTEROTOXINS
- which toxin is itself an Adenylate Cyclase such that in increases cAMP? |
- Anthrax Edema Factor
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ENTEROTOXINS
- Pertussis toxins can also inhibit what receptors? - what is the effect of this? |
- Chemokine receptors
- Lymphocytosis |
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EXOTOXINS
- Streptolysin O is made by what bacteria? - F(X) |
- S. pyogenes
- Hemolysin activity |
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ENTEROTOXINS
- what is used in the diagnosis of Rheumatic fever? - why? |
- Streptolysin O
(from S. pyogenes - duh) - because it is an Ag for ASO antibody |
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ENDOTOXIN MOA
- Endotoxin LPS binds to? - above complex will bind to what receptor of what cell? - this causes the release of? |
- LPS binding protein
- CD14 on macrophage - TNF-alpha - IL1 - IL-6 - IL-8 |
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ENDOTOXIN MOA
- upon release of TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 from the Macrophage, what is increased? - what is activated? |
- Vascular permeability
- Acute Phase Proteins - Platelet Activation Factor (PAF) |
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ENDOTOXIN MOA
- what activates the Coagulation pathway? - this eventually leads to what Dz condition? |
- Endothelial damage
- DIC |
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ENDOTOXIN MOA
- DIC labs show Decrease in? - DIC labs how Increase in? - Most important test? |
Platelet decrease
Increase in Bleeding Time, PT, & PTT D-DIMER is positive (lab results b/c DIC is primarily an increased consumption of platelets. |
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ENDOTOXIN
- is endotoxin heat stable or heat labile? |
- Heat STABLE like an Endo joint
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ENDOTOXIN
- Endotoxin (Lipid A) activates what 3 things? (each will elicit what?) |
(LPS activates HAM)
- Hageman factor (==> DIC) - Alternate complement pathway (==> C3a & C5a) - Macrophage (==> TNF, IL-1, NO) |
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CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS
- what is the primary exotoxin? - causes what Dz |
- Alpha toxin
- Gas Gangrene |
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CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS
- what unique presentation on agar? |
- Double Zone of Hemolysis
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