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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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La Violencia
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• 1950s
• mounting tensions between the 2 leading political parties • assassination of leftist presidential candidate caused riots in Bogotá • violence from these rots spread throughout the country and claimed the lives of at least 180,000 |
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Plan Colombia: about it...
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• Developed 1998-9
• US legislation and aid initiative aimed at curbing drug smuggling by supporting different Drug War activities in Colombia • is the US's largest military aid initiative outside of the Middle East |
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Plan Colombia: Difference in how US and Colombia view its aims
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• Colombia sees the Plan for peace and ending violence and economic development
• US sees the Plan for counter-narcotics projects and military aid |
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Plan Colombia: criticisms
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• aerial fumigation to eradicate coca damages legal crops and has negative health effects upon those exposed to the herbicides
• Colombian military accused of using training and funds from Plan Colombia to support paramilitaries, fight the leftist Guerrillas, and kill innocent citizens |
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The FARC
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The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
• emerged mid 1960s • claims to represent the rural poor in a struggle against Colombia's wealthier classes • opposes US influence in Colombia, particularly Plan Colombia • fights against privatization of natural resources, multinational corporations, and paramilitary violence • Ultimate goal is to seize power in Colombia through armed revolution |
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The ELN
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The National Liberation Army
• began insurgency campaigns against successive governments • considered a terrorist organization due to random kidnapping, violence, and human rights abuses • associated with the international drug trade • based in the southeastern jungles and plains at the base of the Andes |
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Paramilitaries
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• first organized in order to combat leftist political activists and armed guerrilla groups
• considered to be the most responsible for human rights violations in Colombia - murders, kidnappings, etc. • associated with drug trafficking |
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The AUC
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Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia)
• organized 1997 • consolidated multiple paramilitary groups into one umbrella org • official aim is to protect from guerrillas given the state's failure to do so • considered to be a terrorist org • Leader until 2004 = Carlos Castaño • collaboration between Colombian military/police and the AUC |
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History of and relationship between neoliberalism and NGOization
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• Backdrop: growing concerns over "big state"
• Economic and political crisis began in 1998 • President Pastrana cut budgets for health care, education, and development programs • need for professionalization for funding |
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Feminism and NGOs
Debates Merits Risks |
• debates over merits and shortcomings of professionalization, institutionalization, and integration into the state (state feminism)
• Merits: greater funding, security, infrastructure • Risks: - over-focus on policy area - paternalistic relationship with clients - political cooptation due to growing financial dependence on gov't - focus on macro policy over grassroots activism which alienates women |
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Patterns in late 20th century feminism in Latin America
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• overflow from movement in US in 1970s
• referred to as "Second Wave" feminism • focus on women's inequality and subordination - economic equality, right to a career + motherhood, right to not have children • struggles against dictatorships |
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Patterns in late 20th century feminism in Colombia
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• relatively isolated and centralized
• straddled boundary between cultural and political • critiques of (masculine) leftist politics of opposition to military regime • alternative = feminist struggle at the level of daily life = consciousness raising |
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Dynamics between CFL and the Women's Center
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• Women's Center set up for working class women's issues through consciousness raising and other community grounded techniques
• growing tensions in regards to allotment of funds after budget cuts • mother-daughter metaphor |
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Meanings of class in women's struggles
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• Education becomes a form of distinction
• Pierre Bourdieu says learned qualities of a person can come to be seen as intrinsic -> level of education • use of art is disliked by some because of its association with femininity -> perpetuates stereotypes |
