S. America Final Bolivia

Front 1

Evo Morales's efforts to "de-neoliberalize" Bolivia

Back 1

Embrace of "inward-looking" economic policy
• Nationalization of country's natural gas and other major industries
• redistribute wealth

Front 2

2003 demonstrations in Cochabamba

Back 2

• in opposition to ex-president Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada's (Goni) proposal to build a natural gas pipeline that would export gas to US and Mexico
• Distaste for pipeline being built through Chile
• Violent strikes involving the working class - miners, teachers, students, peasants, trade union members
• rallying cry = "The gas is ours!"
• caused Goni to resign, VP Carlos Mesa Gilbert took office
• led to a debate over a new referendum that was voted on and passed that did allow gas to be exported

Front 3

Resurgence of indigenous identity and pride

Back 3

"Multicultural reforms" = new constitution recognizes Bolivia as "multi-ethnic" (state proposed multiculturalism)

Front 4

Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada's (Goni)

Back 4

• President during 2003 Cochabamba demonstrations - led to his resignation
• "Multicultural reforms" under him
• coca eradication campaigns
• embrace of neoliberalism by:
-participation in the Free Trade Act of the Americas
-exporting of Bolivia's natural gas
-privatization of water industry

Front 5

Coca/Cocaine/Cocaleros

Back 5

• The cocoa industry employed between 7 and 20 % of the country
• cocaine manufacture didn't become the primary use for the coca leaf until the 1970s
• stagnation in agricultural economy -> no investment in upland economy -> increasingly difficult for rural families to survive -> families resettle in lowlands

Front 6

US drug was

Back 6

• a campaign largely financed by US economic assistance
• 2 dimensions
- to create economic opportunities that generate alternatives to coca leaf production
- to apprehend drug traffickers

Front 7

Ayamará and Quechua

Back 7

Natives to Bolivia