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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the five theories on why we sleep?
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1. Restorative theory
2. Energy Conservation theory 3. Memory consolidation 4. Synaptic neuronal network integration 5. Thermoregulation |
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Sleep staging relies completely on what?
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EEG
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When someone is awake, how does their EEG appear?
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Desynchronized
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What do you begin to see in stage one of sleep?
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Alpha waves
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What movement can you see in stage one of sleep?
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Hypnic myoclonus
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What is characteristic of stage two sleep?
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1. Sleep spindles
2. K complexes |
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What characterizes stages three and four of sleep.
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Low frequency, high voltage waves(Delta waves)in sleep.
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How do stages three and four differ?
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The percentage of predominant delta waves.
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What are some of the characteristics of REM sleep?
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1. Paralyzed
2. Rapid eye movement 3. 80% of dreaming 4. Desynchronized brain activity |
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Is sleep an active or passive process?
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Active
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Which type of sleep predominates in the early night? Late night?
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1. Slow wave sleep
2. REM sleep |
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How long is an average sleep cycle?
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90 minutes
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Is our sleep architecture static throughout life?
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No as we age the architecture becomes more broken - not consistent.
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Neonates spend how much time in REM sleep? Six year olds?
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1. 50%
2. 25% |
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How much sleep does the average adult require?
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7.5 to 8 hours
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How much is the average American sleep deprived?
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1.5 hours
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What controls circadian sleep rhythms?
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SCN
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When do you see the maximum circadian sleep effect?
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2-5 and and 2-5 pm
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What is the defect in advanced sleep phase?
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Go to sleep too early and wake up too early.
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What is the deect in delayed sleep phase?
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Go to sleep too late and sleep in too late
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After sleep deprivation, where does one make up most of their sleep. What usually only makes up half of its deficit?
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1. NREM
2. REM |
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Dreams in NREM or REM sleep are more bizarre?
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REM
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What is a theory on why we dream?
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Solidify and maintain neural networks
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What area of the CNS is responsible for keeping us awake? What is it called?
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1. Pons to midbrain
2. Reticular activating system |
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What happens if the RAS is lesioned above the superior colliculus?
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Coma
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Is coma sleep?
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No
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Where are the neurons responsible for NREM sleep located?
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1. Preoptic area of the hypothalamus
2. Basal forebrain 3. NTS |
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Difficulty falling asleep is called?
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Insomnia
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What are abnormal activities or behavior during sleep called?
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Parasomnia
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What is difficulty staying awake called?
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Narcolepsy
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What is the perception of sleep in insomnia?
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That the sleep you got - regardless of how much - was inadequate.
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What are the three extrinsic causes for insomnia?
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1. Poor sleep hygiene
2. Drugs, meds or alcohol 3. Enviromental causes |
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What are five non-pharmacological treatments for insomnia?
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1. Relaxtion
2. Stimulus control 3. Sleep restriction therapy 4. Sleep hygiene 5. Chrono and phototherapy |
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Name four pharmological treatments for insomnia.
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1. Hypnotics
2. Tricyclics 3. Antihistamines 4. Melatonin |
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Is narcolepsy a disease or a symptom of many conditions?
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Disease
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What is the marker for narcolepsy?
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HLA association
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What are the four cardinal features of naroclepsy?
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1. Excessive daytime sleepiness
2. Cataplexy 3. Sleep paralysis 4. Hypnagogic hallucinations |
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What is obstructive sleep apnea a result of?
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Paralysis of the pharyngeal muscles
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What are two examples of abnormal movement disorders seen during sleep?
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1. Restless leg syndrome
2. Periodic limb movements off sleep |
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How can a seizure affect sleep?
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One seizure during the night can destroy your sleep architecture.
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What is a disorder where you have 16-18 hours of restorative sleep followed by ravenous hunger?
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Klein-Levin syndrome
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What disease is characterized by both insomnia and dysautonomia?
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Fatal familial insomnia
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What disorder involves acting out your dreams?
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REM behavior disorder
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In a multiple sleep latency test, if you fall alseep quickly two out of five times, what can you be diagnosed with?
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Narcolepsy
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