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2 Cards in this Set
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6 stages of treatment for heart failure?
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1. Diuretics - Furosemide (loop diuretic)inhibit reab Na+ + H20
2. ACEi - ramipril, captopril (can substitute an angiotensin receptor antagonist such as candesartan if poorly tolerated) 3. Beta blocker - e.g. bisoprolol, carvedilol: negative inotropic and chronotropic affects (therefore until recently CI in heart failure due to their negative inotropic affects) 4. Spironolactone - (aldosterone receptor antagonist) K+ sparring therefore risk hyperkalaemia + acidosis (aldosterone causes Na+ retention therefore K+ excretion due to the cotransporter pump therefore in conn's hypokalaemia occurs) 5. Digoxin - decrease HR (-ve chronotrope)and weak positive inotrope 6. Vasodilators - hydralizine + isorbide dinitate |
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What are the chest x-ray signs of heart failute?
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