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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is a drug?
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any substance that modifies or alters a function or a living organism
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forms of drugs:
tablets which are compressed material enteric coated which is |
coated so it won't irritate stomach
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capsules
lonzenges/troches suspensions syrups elixer ointments (petroleum) ticnture (alcohol based) suppositories (solids that disolve at body temp) sustained action dissoves over time what else? |
sustained action
transdermal patch spray/arrosols nasal or inhaled |
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major routes of admin are ...
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oral
sublingual (under tongue) buccal (inside cheek) rectal vaginal inhalation parenteral ...has 4 kinds: intredermal subcutaneous intramuscular intravenous |
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drug metabolism:
from time drug enters untill all of it... |
all its products have been eliminated from the body
consists of 4 steps: absorption distribution biotransformation exrection |
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absorption is
taken into bloodsteam what are the factors of concern here? |
how well it dissolves
condition of site of absorption route: skin is slow PO is slow resp/mucus membrane fast IV is the fastest IM/SQ depends of site |
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distribution:
moves into various fluids/tissues factors: body size circulation degree to w/h drug binds to protein dedication that binds w/ protein becomes.... |
inactive
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biotransformation:
chemical process breaks down the drug into substances that the body can remove factors: |
ability of body to modify chemical structure of drug
liver function |
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excretion:
drug is removed by various body systmes: |
renal
pulmonary integumentary gastroientestinal etc |
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factors influencing action/effectiviness:
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age
weight gender (because men have more muscle) disease route body temp (fever increases metabolism rate/burns drug up) circadian rhythms (your 24 hour biorythem, all plants & animals have it)means one day interactions |
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what 2 kinds of interactions can you have with drugs?
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antogonistic
synergistic or potentiation |
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drug reactions:
expected effects: desired action side effects: predictable, but not specific, desired effect what is an adverse reaction? |
adverse is harmful side effect
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what is an idiosyncratic reaction?
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unusual, unexpected
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what is an allergy reaction?
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immune reactions range from:
mild ... rash/hives anaphylaxis shock bronchial constriction edema of mouth/throat |
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terminology:
what is pharmocodynamics? |
study of drug actions at the biochemical and physioligical level
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what is pharmacokinetics?
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study of how drugs enter the body, reach a site of action, and are removed.
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there are 3 things that help determine how the drug will work?
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route
frequency dose |
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Bioavailability:
proportion of a drug available to produce effects half life: length of time taken to decrease blood concentration by half oneset means ... |
when actions starts
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what does the peak mean?
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when drug is at its strongest
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what is a drug duration?
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how long action lasts
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serum level:
concentration in blood stream |
tolerance is :
decreased response to drug/dose |
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cumulative:
occurs when drug stays in blood longer than ... |
expected
(liver/kidney disease) |
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drug laws
1906: pure food & drug act 1914: Harrison Narcotic act 1938: Food,Drug,Cosmetic act 1070: ... |
controlled substance act
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controlled substances: 5 scheduled. whats the most dangerous of all?
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schedule 1 is high potential for abuse, no acceptable medical use
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schedule II is
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hi potential for abuse
acceptable medical use |
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schedule III
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may cause dependence
less prone to abuse than I & II medically accepted |
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scheduled IV is whaT?
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may cause mild dependence phys. and psyc. and medically accepted
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schedule V :
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limited potential for mild physical or psycological dependence
medically accepted |
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drug names:
chemical: according to chemical composition what is the genereic name? |
name of drug no matter who makes it
Aspirian brand name is like Bayer, Advil |
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pregnancy categories:
5 categories: A B C D X |
A is w/o risk
X means causes fetal abnormalities |
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teratogen means?
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harmful to fetuses
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sources of drugs are ...
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animal
plant minerals synthetic |
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6 rights of medication administration?
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right patient
right drug right dose right route right time right ???????????????????/ |
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ac
ad lib bid c cap fld gtt h IV NS OD OU OS p pc PO prn |
qd
qh q3h qhs qid qod qs s - without ss - half susp - suspension tab tid tinc ung- ointment |
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there are actions/uses:
analgesic: action: relieves pain use: post op, trauma, etc |
what is a sedative for?
action: decreases anxiety use: panic attacks, general anxiety |
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antipretic is for ?
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action: decreases fever
use: infection, illness |
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whats an anacid for?
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action: decrases stomach acid
use: peptic ulcer disease |
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whats a laxative for?
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action: stumulates bowel movemment
uses: constipation caused by narcotic use |
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what is antidiarrheic:
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action: stimulates bowel mov.
uses: food poisioning |
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anti-inflamatory:
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action: decrease inflamation
use: degenerative joint disease |
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whats a laxative for?
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action: stumulates bowel movemment
uses: constipation caused by narcotic use |
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what is antidiarrheic:
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action: stimulates bowel mov.
uses: food poisioning |
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anti-inflamatory:
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action: decrease inflamation
use: degenerative joint disease |
