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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
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War Communism (1918-1920) |
a temporary measure introduced to win the war - requisitioning of grain (July/August 1918) -Decrease in agriculture and industry- subsistence farming -Kronstadt revolt -Tambov -Kollontai & Workers opposition figure: industry of gross industrial output 1913: 100 - 1921: 31 |
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War Communism quotes |
'were forced to resort to by extreme want, ruin and war' 'peculiar' - Lenin 'gather strength and resume the offensive' Commission of the Central Committee of the CPSU 'the consequent shortage of food in the cities became so sever that nearly a third of the urban population moved out into the countryside' - Anthony Wood 'a means of making a civil war' - Figes 'a premature attempt at full blown capitalism' - Pipes |
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NEP (March 1921) |
Announced at the Tenth Party Congress by Lenin in response to Kronstadt -no requisitioning -Tax in kind -peasants could keep surplus and sell it -public workers to be restored -money introduced, no more bartering -supported by Bukharin, chief economist but opposed by many Bolsheviks, eg Trotsky -Nepmen grew wealthy from NEP -Factions developed, 'On Party Unity' to crush opposition -By 1924, economy had improved Figure: Average monthly wage 1921: 10.2 - 1924: 20.8 |
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NEP Quotes |
'By the time of Lenin's death in 1924' the soviet economy had begun to make a marked recovery' - Lynch 'Bridled capitalism' - Lenin 'Lightning flash' - Lenin on Kronstadt -The Trotskyites and other oppositionist's held that NEP was nothing but a retreat'- Commission of the Central Committee of the CPSU 'a temporary concession to the market in order to get the country back on its feet' - Figes 'the most startling feature of the New Economic Policy that he now introduced was that it restored a limited system of private enterprise' - Anthony Wood |
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Terror (Red Terror officially introduced in Sep 1918) |
Introduced by Lenin to consolidate power, using two instruments of terror, the CHEKA and the Red Army - Cheka answerable only to Lenin (Nov 1917) -Red Army led by Trotsky (Jan 1918) -3 million strong, ex Tsarist officers who were monitored by political commissars -decree on workers control (1918) meant workers brought under military discipline -severe discipline, death for desertion or disloyalty -workers became the elite corps as peasants were considered unreliable figure: |
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Terror Quotes |
'Trotsky's organisation and leadership of the Red Army was the major factor in the survival of Bolshevik Russia'- Lynch 'He (Lenin) had always accepted the necessity of terror as an instrumental of political control' - Lynch 'We have no need for justice now' Dzerhinsky 'the revolution does require of the revolutionary class that it should attain its end by all methods at its disposal...if required, by terrorism' Trotsky 'cleanse the land of Russia of all sorts of harmful insects' - Lenin |
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Lenin |
-SOVNARKOM (1917) -Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly -Social Reforms -Decree on land (November 1917) Workers -Veshenka (state capitalism) (dec 1917) -Terror (Cheka, Dec 1917) -Signed treaty of Brest Litovsk (1918) -War Communism (1918-1920) -NEP (1921) -On party unity -Political Will (1924) |
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Trotsky |
-Civil war, war commissar (1918- 1920) -Treaty of Brest- Litovsk (1918) -Red Army (1918) -Crushed the Kronstadt rebellion (1921) -Opposed NEP (1921) -Scissors crisis (1923) industrial prices increase, peasants couldn't afford industrial products as they were earning less due to decreases in agriculture prices |
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New Society |
-Formation of the USSR (1922) -Beurocratic Nature of the Party (1923) 'colourless yes men (Navailh) -CHEKA abolished 1922 replaced by GPU 1924 |
