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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Russo- Japanese War |
a war fought between Russian and Japan in 1905 over the rejection of the plan that Russian should recognise Japan in Korea. Japan won with a strong army, and left the Russian people embarrassed and angry. |
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Bloody Sunday |
in 1905, in front of the winter palace in st.pertersburg, protestors brought a petition to the tzar. they were gunned down by the imperial guards, sparking the revolution of 10905 |
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1905 revolution |
following bloody sunday the autocracy was on the verge of collapse many People began publicly demonstrating widespread contempt for the Tsarist regime ( a lot of strikes) Leon Trotsky became the Vice Chairman of St Petersburg Soviet. Led the way for the October Manifesto.
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october manifesto |
The Tsar’s edict that proclaimed constitutional reform and the creation of the state Duma Tsar concedes to liberal demands, calls on liberals to help him restore order Issued on 17th October by Tsar Nicholas II in response to the revolution that year |
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Dumas |
a result of the 1905 revolution, Tzar Nicholas II created this elected parliament to appease the people. in reality however, the group had virtually no power and the Tzar could dissolve it at any time. |
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Russia enters world war I |
Germany declares war on Russian on 1 August 1914, initially Russians gives the Tsar great support, although the war created inflation, and bread a fuel shortages. increased conscription led to poor morale. |
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February Revolution |
Nicholas II’s demise began in February 1917, The February Revolution began as a public strike about food and fuel shortages in the Russian capital When soldiers refused the tsar’s orders to fire on civilians, and his generals refused to back him, he evnetually agreed to abdicate. document was signed on March 2nd 1917 |
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provisional government |
the government that was set up at the onset of the february revolution. it was made up of members of the old duma with Kerensky as PM. it lasted less than a year. |
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Lenins April Theses |
lenins april theses which was release on 4th of april 1917, declared that there should be no support for the provisional government. he wanted to transfer power form the parliamentary bourgeoisie to the proletariat. |
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June Offensive |
The June offensive 1917 was an attempt to drive the austrians and germans from russian territory ordered by kerensky, it had initial success, but utterly failed when russian soldiers deserted and mutinied. Provisional Government was weakened. |
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July days |
soldiers and workers rioted against the provisional government for the end of the war, bolsheviks led the riot, shooting government troops. the July days weakened the bolsheviks and 800 of them were arrested. |
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The Kornilov affair |
Keresky panics as he fears kornilov wants to assert a dictatorship throughout russia, and calls upon the soviets and arms them with weapons to arrest Kornilov. The bolsheviks were revived and now had weapons for their red guards. the provisional government was barely able to survive. Kerensky lost respect. |
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The October Revolution |
October 24th 25th 1917 the bolsheviks stormed the winter palace and arrested government ministers, the bolsheviks were successful and now had control of the soviet congress. bolshevik government was formed (sovnarkom) 26th 27th of october. |
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Cheka created |
The Cheka was create in 1917, they were police to fight counter - revolutionaries. the Cheka was to expose counter- revolutionaries and investigate criminal activity. gradually grew bigger and stronger, terrified and terrorised the population |
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
a peace treaty signed on march 3rd 1918, between Russian and the central powers. this marked Russians exit from whorl war I. thoroughly humiliating for bolsheviks, lost more than they gained. |
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The civil war |
the civil war 1918 - 1922it began immediately after the collapse of the russian provisional government and the bolshevik takeover (1917). hostilities took place between communist red army and the anti communist white army. communists won after 4 years and created the soviet union. |
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Royal family murdered |
17th of july 1918 |
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Red Army |
The armed forces first organised by the Bolsheviks during the Russian civil War in 1918. Sometimes known as the peasants and workers army. |
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White Army |
comprised of some of the Russian forces, both political and military, which opposed the Bolsheviks after the october revolution and fought against the red army during the russian civil war from 1918 to 1921 - 22 |
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War Communism |
Harsh economic policies adopted by the bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in which everything food, munition, clothes went to the army. one of the first signs of totalitarian communism. |
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Kronstadt uprising |
March 1st 1921, soldiers rallied in Kronstadt Anchor Square, calling for changes within the Soviet government They wanted to end the Bolshevik power.Bolsheviks would not give in to the soldiers demands. 5000 Kronstadt soldiers and 10,000 Red Army soldiers were kiled The base was eventually captured by the Communists on 17th March 1921. |
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New Economic Policy |
8th - 16th of march 1921 proposed by lenin, it was created to prevent russian economy from collapsing, created a mix of capitalism and communism (private ownership and public ownership). it kept the russian economy alive. |
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Death of Lenin |
21st January 1924 Lenin died. his funeral was on Sunday 27th January 1924 with the whole USSR coming to a standstill. |
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Tsar abdicates? |
2 march 1917 |
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Petrograd Soviet |
powerful political body formed by trotsky during the 1905 revolution and reformed in 1917 |
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What caused the Russian civil war? |
The october revolution |
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what were the four stages of the october revolution takeover? |
1. capture communication centres 2. capture key installations 3. capture vantage points 4. capture government in palace |
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U.S.S.R |
the union of soviet socialist republics or the soviet union. a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Russian from 1922- 1991. |
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Emerging reformists and revolutionaries |
after 1905, may reformist and revolutionary groups began to gain influence in the community. The populists (peasants) the socialist revolutionaries (peasants and working class) and the social democratic workers party (industrial working class). The octobrists (commercial and land owning classes), Kadets (landlords, small industrial entrepreneurs) |
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The six main problems faced during World War 1 |
inflation, food supplies, transport, the army (ill equipped), the role of the tsar, morale. |
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Problems at the home front (World war 1) |
Tsarina left in charge - heavily influenced by Rasputin. |
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social and economic discontent 1914 - 1917 |
russian devoted a lot of money, time and men to the war effort which meant a reduction in the living standards. rampant inflation. wages doubled but foodstuffs quadrupled. peasants began hoarding grain. Russian railway line ill equipped. |
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New Decrees |
first decrees made by the soviet government. Land - taken from the church, nobility and given to the peasants peace - lenin ends war, treaty of brest - litvosk, establishes the cheka factories - all factories put under control of workers committees Press- all non- bolshevik papers were banned. |
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dissolution of the constituent assembly |
Lenin dismissed the Constituent Assembly because he feared that if it actually convened and created a new government, it would remove him and his Bolsheviks from power and institute a constitutional democracy |
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Everyday impacts of the Civil War |
life for ordinary people was tough, chronic food shortages prevailed, many city people deserted factories and fled to the countryside- this slowed the economy further, some industries and production ceased entirely, famine and disease caused millions of death during the Civil war. |
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what were the four main economic problems that arose from world war 1 |
food shortages fuel shortages unemployment inflation and price increase |
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Dual Power |
form of government in which the soviet and provisional government ruled together. unstable form of government, as they would both fight against each other, the dual power came to an end during the october revolution and soviets were in control. |
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what were the 4 causes of tensions and conflicts in the old regime? |
1. economic and social inequality 2. rising and unmet class expectations 3.fluctuation in economy 4. failed attempts at reform |
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why was the NEP introduced? |
provide food for those starving and thus regain confidence in the government |
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why was war communism introduced? |
to direct every aspect of life to winning the civil war |
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how did the communists change Russia? |
Russia became a bureaucratically centralised state with a single party, hostile to allied powers. |
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Kerensky and the Provisional Government |
Duma/ provisional government took power and wanted to stay in war, so the people disliked Kerensky |
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what were the 2 main mistakes that made the war politically damaging? |
1. nicholas became commander of the russian army 2. alexandra was left in charge of the government |
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name four key reasons the military was unsuccessful in WWI |
1. lack of ammunition 2. poor internal organisation 3. demoralisation within the army 3. impact of socialist propaganda |
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what was the purpose of the fundamental state laws? |
reassert authority of the tsar |
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what were the results of the NEP? |
grain harvest doubled railways transported more wages increased more support from peasants and workers confusion from civil war veterans
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what are the four main reasons the reds won the civil war? |
red army cheka unity defending a central location |
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what were the 2 main reasons the whites lost the civil war? |
divided in purpose and strategy lack of propaganda |
