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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What leads to a revolution
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unfair treatment like no government representation and restriction of rights, food, depression - taxes and jobs, new ideas
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Revolutions fail because
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division of goals, not organized, not enough professionalism
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Czar is what kind of ruler
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autocrat (absolute ruler)
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Alexander I is known for
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defeated Napoleon with scorched earth policy
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When Alexander I died in 1825, who takes over...leads to
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Decembrist Revolution
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What is fueling the Decembrist Revolution
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Enlightenment Ideas!!!!, "Constantine and Constitution"
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Who crushed the Decembrist Revolt
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Nicholas I
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Nicholas I known for
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ruling as an autocrat - in his 30 years 500 peasant uprisings were crushed, censorship, limited education, secret police
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Foreign Policy Goals of Russia in 19th Century
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Expand toward Balkans and toward Central Asia, Pan-Slavism
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Crimean War is Russia vs. France/GB/Ottoman Empire/Piedmont-Sardinia, leads to the realization that
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Uh, oh we're behind
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Alexander II is also known as
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the Reform Czar
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Alexander II known for
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freeing serfs in 1861, setting up the Mir (communal farm (not successful) because he freed the serfs, public trials, Zemstovs - local council, education expansion
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But because Russia is still behind, what results
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educated philosophers want more, nihilism - tear everything down and then rebuild, assassinate - "Will of the People", Alexander II killed
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Alexander III (1881-94) is known for
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rejecting reform - useless because look at the last czar, reduces the power of the Zemstovs, pogroms - riots against he Jews, Russification
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Nicholas II (1894-1914), remember him because he was, sadly, a
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Medicore Man
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1905 Revolution
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Led by George Gapon who wanted to personally hand petition to the czar
"It is very high up to God! It is very far to the Tsar! If only we could get to the Tsar and tell him, our troubles would be at an end." - Russian Proverb |
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The goals of the 200k unarmed workers during the 1905 Revolution
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Constitutional Assembly, Universal Suffrage and Education, Minimum Wage, 8 hour work day
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"Bloody Sunday"
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palace guards fire into the crowd
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Bloody Sunday leads to....
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massive strikes, creation of the Duma (Russian Parliament) to appease the strikers
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1905 Revolution Fails Because...
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1. Most of army loyal
2. French lent money (1893) 3. Revolutionaries divided in goals |
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Impact of Revolution
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Workers continue to be unhappy
Rise of Social Democrats A. Bolsheviks - Let's revolt and then convince everyone how awesome we are (Lenin) B. Mensheviks - Let's wait till everyone sees how awesome we are and then they'll revolt with us (Plekhanov) Soviets arise - council of workers across Russia - Led by Trostsky But land reform in 1906, good crops from 1906-11, good leadership (Stolypin)...so things stabilize! |
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1914 WWI Breaks Out
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Nicholas II goes to front, wife placed in charge and influenced by Rasputin
1914 had 1.5 million striking workers before war Battle of Tannenburg In first year of war Russia has 4 million soldiers killed, wounded, or captured |
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1917 Bread Riots in Petrograd
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Why Different Than 1905?
Create Provisional Government after Abdication of Nicholas II Led by Kerensky - good compromise; part of Duma and member of Petrograd Soviet Kerensky's biggest mistake was not leaving the war |
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Enter Lenin
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Peace, Land, Bread!
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Bolsheviks use ___ to carry the revolution
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organization
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Election - Bolsheviks don't win majority so
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dissolve PArliament
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Bolsheviks are renamed Communists by
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Stalin
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk means that Russia is...
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out of the war
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Yet despite the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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still civil war
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Who is versus who in the civil war
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Red Army (Bolsheviks) vs. White Army (Divided in Goals)
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Who wins when?
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Reds win in 1921
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Cheka
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Russian Secret Police
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