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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What problems has Russia encountered as it has transitioned to capitalism and democracy? |
democratic institution are weak, public cynicism regarding politics os high, basic civil freedoms have declined. in economic terms there is unequal terms of wealth. economic power is in the hands of elite |
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What is important to note regarding Russia's geographic and demographic characteristics? |
it is big in size but lacking in population. it has a lot of neighbors. intemperate climates. rich in natural resources |
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Identify the historical factors that have contributed to Russia's tendencies of centralization of power and isolation from Europe |
Russia adopted orthodox christianity which drew no line between political a religious authority. Mongol invasion of Russia stunted economic growth and cut the country off from developments that occurred elsewhere. ivan the terrible solidified single Russian emperor |
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When and how did Lenin come to power? |
March of 1917 non-communist republican leader took control and continued war but communist revolutionaries lead by Lenin overthrew those in power by a small discipline force |
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Why did the USSR become a federal state? |
authority was vested solely in the communist party, which controlled all government and state activities |
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What were the Cheka and the KGB? |
cheka- secret police force that rooted out opposition later become KGB- the body that would control domestic dissent and supervise overseas surveillance |
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nomenklatura |
politically influence jobs in the state, society, or economy that the communist party appointees who staffed them |
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what were the key characteristics of stalinism |
power over party. totalitarian regime. allocated resources and distribution of goods and private properties were wiped away |
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How was power structured in the communist party of the USSR |
Politburo- ruling body of the communist party general secretary- head, de facto leader of country Government- controlled and staffed by communist party Economy- under control of bureaucracy and GOSPLAN
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How did CPSU achieve legitimacy |
by the creation of jobs, railways roads, factories, schools, homes electricity, health care, and benefits for people |
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who was Nikita Khrushchev? Leonid Brezhnev? |
Nikita- took office after stalin death tried to decreases the high amount of institutionalized bureaucracy Leonid- replace nikita pushed assured nomenklatura that their power and privileges were protected |
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Mikhail Gorbachev? What were perestroika and glasnost? |
Gorbachev- general secretary that believed the Soviet state should be revitalized through the dual policies of glasnost (political openness) and perestroika ( economic restructuring). He weakened nomenklatura |
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why did Gorbachevs attempted reforms encounter so many problems |
because nationalism grew among ethnic group and some even demanded independence, critics attacked the corruption of the party and called for greater democracy |
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what occurred in the 1991 coup attempt |
group of anti- reform conservatives lead by Yeltsin took over soviet union and he became president of a new independent russia, he later appointed Putin as president |
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what is illiberal democracy? |
many routines of the routines and procedures of the democracy exist but are insecure and subject to the sudden change or restriction |
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How did Russia's constitution become enacted? what happened in the 1993 coup attempt? |
is was borne of violent conflict. in 1993 parliament grew so hostile and wanted to block his policies and impeach him but the army sided with yeltsin the new constitution enforced the power of the president |
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When we say "the Kremlin" to what are we referring to? |
the executive power (general secretary). spilt between president and prime minister but president hold overwhelming amount of power |
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What is the term length and limit of the President? |
may serve two consecutive six-year terms |
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What are the critical powers of the Russian president? |
chooses and dismisses pm and cabinet appoints leaders to 7 federal super districts propose and veto bills sets overall tone for both domestic and foreign affairs . he also has direct control over the foreign, defense and interior ministry. controls KGB |
