Russia

Front 1

Tundra

Back 1

A vast, flat, treeless Arctic region of Europe, Asia, and North America in which the subsoil is permanently frozen.

Front 2

Taiga

Back 2

Swampy coniferous forest of high northern latitudes.

Front 3

Steppe

Back 3

A large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe or Siberia.

Front 4

Desert steppe

Back 4

Too dry to support a forest, but not dry enough to be a desert.

Front 5

USSR

Back 5

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Front 6

Boyars

Back 6

A member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince.

Front 7

Third Rome

Back 7

Idea that some city, state, or country is the successor to the legacy of ancient Rome.

Front 8

Double headed eagle

Back 8

Denotes a claim to succession or cultural heritage from the Roman Empire. Looks East and West.

Front 9

Czar

Back 9

An emperor of Russia before 1917.

Front 10

Westernization

Back 10

Societies come under or adopt western culture.

Front 11

Glasnost

Back 11

The policy of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information.

Front 12

Russification

Back 12

Assimilation process during which non-Russian communities give up their culture and language in favor of the Russian one.

Front 13

Ophrichniki

Back 13

Secret police organization

Front 14

Time of Troubles

Back 14

Years of interregnum between the last Russian Tsar of the Rurik Dynasty and the establishment of the Romanov Dynasty. 1604-1613.

Front 15

Zemski Sobor

Back 15

First Russian parliament of the Feudal Estates type, in the 16th and 17th centuries. "Assembly of the land". First National Assembly.

Front 16

Great Northern War

Back 16

1700-1721. Russia, Denmark, Poland, and Saxony opposed Sweden. Sweden lost imperial possessions in Central Europe.

Front 17

Serfs

Back 17

An agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his Lord's estate.

Front 18

Beard Tax

Back 18

Tax on men who had beards.

Front 19

Window to the West

Back 19

St. Petersburg.

Front 20

Coup d'etat

Back 20

A sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government.

Front 21

Enlightened Despot

Back 21

Form of government in the 18th century in which absolute monarchs pursued legal, social, and educational reforms inspired by the Enlightenment.

Front 22

Partition of Poland

Back 22

Ended existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of the sovereign crown of the kingdom of Poland ans Lithuania for 123 years.

Front 23

Orthodoxy

Back 23

Main form of Christianity in Russia

Front 24

Autocracy

Back 24

A system of government run by one person with absolute power.

Front 25

Nationalism

Back 25

Advocacy of political independence for a particular country.

Front 26

Ukase

Back 26

An edict of the Russian government.

Front 27

Emancipation Ukase

Back 27

Emancipation of Russian serfs

Front 28

Conscripted military service

Back 28

Compulsory enlistment of people in a national service.

Front 29

Faberge

Back 29

A jeweled egg.

Front 30

Abdicate

Back 30

To give up or renounce one's throne.

Front 31

Ural mountains

Back 31

Divide Eurasian Plain

Front 32

Russian culture is influenced by

Back 32

Western and Eastern civilizations

Front 33

Russia

Back 33

Is 1/6 of earth's land surface

Front 34

Volga

Back 34

Longest river in Europe

Front 35

Ob

Back 35

Longest river in Asia

Front 36

Ivan the Great

Back 36

-Absolute power

-Called Moscow the Third Rome

-First to use double headed eagle

-Grandfather of Ivan the Terrible

Front 37

Ivan IV

Back 37

Tied serfs to land. Ophrichniki. Killed oldest son.

Front 38

Michael Romanov

Back 38

Dynasty to last 300 years. Elected at 16 by Zemski Sobor. Ended conflicts and established foreign relations

Front 39

Peter the Great

Back 39

Determined to reshape Russia with western tools and ideas.

Front 40

Catherine the Great

Back 40

Coup d'etat. Expands to Black Sea.

Front 41

Alexander I

Back 41

Defeated Napoleon. Attended Congress of Vienna. Liberal. Funded schools. Conservative later on

Front 42

Nicholas I

Back 42

Three Pillars of Absolutism: Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationalism. Lost Crimean War. Codified Russian Law. Improvements in industry, economy, and condition of peasants.

Front 43

Alexander II

Back 43

Issued Emancipation Edict. Liberal. Sold Alaska to U.S. Modernization. Call for universal military conscription. Assassinated.

Front 44

Alexander III

Back 44

Russia's last true autocrat. Would not grant constitution and tightened press censorship. Modernized army. Dissent goes underground. Russification. Pogroms. Ordered the first of Faberge eggs.

Front 45

Nicholas II

Back 45

Last czar of Russia. Felt unprepared to rule. Conservative. Lost Russo-Japanese War.

Front 46

Vitus Bering

Back 46

An explorer who worked for Peter I. Bering Strait