Rusm Mini I Part I Anatomy

Front 1

Trapezius

Back 1

ORIGIN
Medial third superior nuchal line, ligament nuchae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments to T12
INSERTION
Upper fibers to lateral third of posterior border of clavicle; lower to medial acromion and superior lip of spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle
ACTION
laterally rotates, elevates and retracts scapula. If scapula is fixed, extends and laterally flexes neck
NERVE
Spinal accessory nerve (C1-5)(spinal nerves C3 and C4 for proprioception)

Hint 1

Superficial extrinsic muscle

Front 2

Latissimus dorsi

Back 2

ORIGIN
Spine T7, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of all lower thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae, lumbar fascia, posterior third iliac crest, last four ribs (interdigitating with external oblique abdominis) and inferior angle of scapula
INSERTION
Floor of bicipital groove of humerus after spiraling around teres major
ACTION
Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm. Costal attachment helps with deep inspiration and forced expiration
NERVE
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, 7, 8) (from posterior cord)

Hint 2

Superficial extrinsic muscle

Front 3

Levator scapulae

Back 3

ORIGIN
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-4
INSERTION
Upper part of medial border of scapula
ACTION
Raises medial border of scapula
NERVE
Anterior primary rami of C3 and C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Hint 3

Superficial extrinsic muscle

Front 4

Rhomboid major

Back 4

ORIGIN
Spines of T2-T5 and supraspinous ligaments
INSERTION
Lower half of posteromedial border of scapula, from angle to upper part of triangular area at base of scapular spine
ACTION
Retracts scapula. Rotates scapula to rest position
NERVE
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) (from root)

Hint 4

Superficial extrinsic muscle

Front 5

Serratus posterior superior

Back 5

ORIGIN
Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of C7-T2
INSERTION
Posterior aspect of ribs 2-5
ACTION
Assists forced inspiration
NERVE
Anterior primary rami (T2-5)

Hint 5

Intermediate extrinsic muscle

Front 6

Serratus posterior inferior

Back 6

ORIGIN
Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of T11-L2
INSERTION
Posterior aspect of ribs 9-12
ACTION
Assists forced expiration
NERVE
Anterior primary rami (T9-12)

Hint 6

Intermediate extrinsic muscle

Front 7

Splenius capitis

Back 7

ORIGIN
Lower ligament nuchae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments T1-3
INSERTION
Lateral occiput between superior and inferior nuchal lines
ACTION
Extends and rotates cervical spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami of C3, 4

Hint 7

Intrinsic muscle

Front 8

splenius cervicis

Back 8

ORIGIN
Spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments of T3-6
INSERTION
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-3
ACTION
Extends and rotates cervica spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami of C5, 6

Hint 8

Intrinsic muscle

Front 9

Erector spinae spinalis

Back 9

ORIGIN
Spinous processes
INSERTION
Spinous processes six levels above
ACTION
Lateral flexion of spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Hint 9

Intrinsic muscle

Front 10

Erector spinae iliocostalis

Back 10

ORIGIN
Iliac crest, sacrum, lumbar vertebrae
INSERTION
Ribs, cervical transverse processes
ACTION
Extends and lateral flexes spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Hint 10

Intrinsic muscle

Front 11

Erector spinae longissimus

Back 11

ORIGIN
Transverse processes
INSERTION
Transverse processes several levels above
ACTION
Extends spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Hint 11

Intrinsic muscle

Front 12

Semispinalis

Back 12

ORIGIN
Transverse processes
INSERTION
Spinous processes above and occipital bone (only semispinalis capitis part shown)
ACTION
Extends head and spine and lateral flexes spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Hint 12

Deep intrinsic muscle, transversospinalis

Front 13

Multifidi

Back 13

ORIGIN
Laminae of vertebra
INSERTION
Spinous processes two to three levels above
ACTION
Extends spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Hint 13

Deep intrinsic muscle, transversospinalis

Front 14

Rotatores

Back 14

ORIGIN
Transverse processes
INSERTION
Spinous processes one above
ACTION
Rotates spine
NERVE
Posterior primary rami

Hint 14

Deep intrinsic muscle, transversospinalis

Front 15

Rhomboid minor

Back 15

ORIGIN
Lower ligamentum nuchea, spines of C7 and T1
INSERTION
Small area of posteromedial border of scapula at level of spine, below levator scapulae
ACTION
Retracts scapula. Rotates lower scapula back to rest position
NERVE
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) (from root)

Hint 15

Intermediate extrinsic muscle

Front 16

Deltoid

Back 16

ORIGIN
Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula to deltoid tubercle
INSERTION
Middle of lateral surface of humerus (deltoid tuberosity)
ACTION
Abducts arm, anterior fibers flex and medial rotate, posterior fibers extend and lateral rotate
NERVE
Axillary nerve (C5, 6) (from posterior cord)
TO TEST
Abduct arm against resistance

Front 17

infraspinatus

Back 17

ORIGIN
Medial three quarters of infraspinous fossa of scapula and fibrous intermuscular septa
INSERTION
Middle facet of greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint
ACTION
Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Suprascapular nerve (C5, 6 ) (from upper trunk)
TO TEST
Flex elbow with arm adducted, ask patient to rotate laterally against resistance

Front 18

supraspinatus

Back 18

ORIGIN
Medial three quarters of supraspinous fossa of scapula, upper surface of spine (bipennate)
INSERTION
Superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint
ACTION
Abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Suprascapular nerve (C5, 6)(from upper trunk)
TO TEST
Abduct arm from 0 degrees (resting position)

Front 19

subscapularis

Back 19

ORIGIN
Medial two thirds of subscapular fossa
INSERTION
Lesser tuberosity of humerus, upper medial lip of bicipital groove, capsule of shoulder joint
ACTION
Medially rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6) (from posterior cord)

Front 20

Serratus anterior

Back 20

ORIGIN
Upper eight ribs and anterior intercostal membranes from midclavicular line. Lower four interdigitating with external oblique
INSERTION
Inner medial border scapula. 1 and 2: upper angle; 3 and 4: length of costal surface ; 5-8: inferior angle
ACTION
Laterally rotates and protracts scapula
NERVE
Long thoracic nerve (C5, 6, 7) (from roots) slips from ribs 1 and 2: C5; 3 and 4: C6; 5-8: C7)
TO TEST
Press hand of outstretched limb against a wall

Front 21

Teres major

Back 21

ORIGIN
Oval area (lower third) of lateral side of inferior angle of scapula below teres minor
INSERTION
Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
ACTION
Medially rotates and adducts arm. Stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Lower subscapular nerve (C5, 6) (from posterior cord)

Front 22

Teres minor

Back 22

ORIGIN
Middle third lateral border of scapula above teres major
INSERTION
Inferior facet of greater tuberosity of humerus (below infraspinatus) and capsule of shoulder joint
ACTION
laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint
NERVE
Axillary nerve (C5, 6) (from posterior cord)

Front 23

Pectoralis major

Back 23

ORIGIN
Clavicular head-medial half clavicle. Sternocostal head-lateral manubrium and sternum, six upper costal cartilages and external oblique aponeurosis
INSERTION
Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus and anterior lip of deltoid tuberosity
ACTION
Clavicular head:flexes and adducts arm. Sternal head: adducts and medially rotates arm . Accessory for inspiration

Front 24

Pectoralis minor

Back 24

ORIGIN
3, 4, 5 ribs
INSERTION
Medial and upper surface of coracoid process of scapula
ACTION
Elevates ribs if scapula fixed, protracts scapula (assists serratus anterior)
NERVE
Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1) (from medial cord)