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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When was the high point of immigration to the US? how many million immigrate then? |
1870-1910
24 million immigrants |
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push factors immigrate |
unstable government, persecution, famine
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pull factors
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jobs, stable government
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how did steerage drive immigration? |
transatlantic ticket price dropped in late 1800s. Most immigrants bought the least expensive ticket to the US = steerage |
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"old" immigrants before 1870 were from where? |
Europe |
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"new" immigrants after 1870 were from where |
Europe Asia Caribbean Mexico |
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2 Legal acts cut the number of Asian immigrants. what were the 2 acts |
1. Chinese Exclusion Act - 1882 2. Gentlemen's Agreement - cut japan immigrants in exchange for allowing US Japanese children to no longer be segregated |
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Ellis Island |
-processed new york immigrants -physical exam -prove mentally competent -could support selves -majority passed through successfully |
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Angel Island |
-west coast immigrants -many immigrants kept weeks or months on Angel Island |
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Impact of immigration? |
1. growth of cities 2. cheap labor 3. tenements 4.Americanization movement - help groups assimilate 5. Nativism - feelings against immigrants |
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Nativists had 2 beliefs: |
1 - favoritism toward native - born American 2 - believe new immigrants will never assimilate into American culture |
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Middle class nativists believed |
anglo-saxons superior to other groups some object to immigrants' religion. many are catholic, jews |
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Working class nativists believe |
new immigrants took away jobs and lowered wages |
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what was "guilded age politics"? |
-weak presidents, mediocre -power in congress leaders, not presidents -corruption -political machines |
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what are the characteristics of political machines? |
-by 1870s both democrats and republicans run on 'machines' - machines get the vote out on election day -insiders, especially in city run political machines -graft - machines offer favors in exchange for votes -graft - machines offer jobs, business licenses. favorable court rulings, contracts, in exchange for votes -cost taxpayers millions |
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Immigrants were strong supporters of political machines. Why? |
-offered help to become citizens -find housing -get a job -man 1st and 2nd generation immigrants are precinct captains and political bosses |
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what was the Pendleton act |
-1883 -civil service act -exam for government jobs, qualification vs. who they know |
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which president passed the Pendleton act? |
-president garfield tried, but he was shot and killed by a deranged office seeker |
