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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ddx for pre-hepatic icterus
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d/t IV hemolysis --> icterus w/ anemia
chemical (Cu in sheep) plants (rape) physical (cold water) nutritional (post-parturient hemoglobinuria) infections (bacillary hemoglobinuria) other (snake bites) |
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ddx for hepatic icterus
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see ↑ conjugated bilirubin in serum
chemicals (As, CCl4, Cu, PO4 plants (mycotoxins, pyrrolizidine alkaloids) some bacterial infections |
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ddx for post-hepatic icterus
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d/t extrahepatic biliary obstruction: see ↑ conjugated & total serum bilirubin
flukes inflammation of bile ducts by extension from enteritis or trematodes tumors or calculi in ducts (rare) |
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How are the following serum enzymes used in diagnosing liver dz in ruminants?
a. AST b. SDH c. GGT d. LDH e. alk phos |
a. muscle, liver
b. enzyme of choice to evaluate acute hepatic necrosis (liver specific) c. enzyme of choice for measuring cholestasis absorbed from colostrum in calves d. NOT liver specific e. NOT liver specific |
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liver flukes
a. etiology b. dx c. tx d. control e. consequences |
a. Fasciola hepatica
b. fecal sedimentation: eggs in feces necropsy, ELISA, DOT-ELISA c. albendazole & clorsulon** d. target at development in snail, during encystment on vegetation, during development in adult definitive host e. liver condemnation, suboptimal production** |
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liver abscesses
a. etiology b. pathogenesis c. signs d. prevention e. consequence |
a. Fusobacterium necrophorum
b. cattle suddenly changed to high concentrate diet may develop rumenitis bacteria enter ruminal lesions & are carried in portal vessels to liver c. dz may be acute (anorexia & high fever, peritonitis), chronic (weakness, emaciation), or subclinical --> ↓ feed conversion in feedlot d. low level feed ABs, adequate fiber in ration e. liver condemnation** |
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black dz (infectious necrotic hepatitis)
a. etiology b. epidemiology c. pathogenesis d. dx c. prevention |
a. Clostridium novyi type B
b. peracute dz of grazing sheep & sometimes cattle (usually found dead) c. bacterial multiplication & toxin production in areas of damaged liver (usually d/t fluke migration) d. ID of C. novyi e. fluke control, vaccination |
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bacillary hemoglobinuria
a. etiology b. pathogenesis c. signs d. dx e. prevention |
a. Clostridium hemolyticum
b. bacterial multiplication & toxin production in areas of damaged liver (usually d/t fluke migration) c. sudden death or peracute massive hemolysis w/ hemoglobinuria d. clinical signs, necropsy, ID of organism by culture or FA e. fluke control, vaccination |
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What are top 2 ddx for chronic wasting in ruminants?
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parasitism
starvation or malnutrition |
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What are top 2 causes of liver condemnation?
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flukes
abscesses |
