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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the risk factors associated with ruminant anaesthesia |
Temperament and strength of the animal - induction and recovery concerns esp with bulls Regurgitation, tympany, salviation |
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What is mendelsons syndrome>? |
Acid pulmonary aspiration syndrome, aspiration of regurgitant |
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What are the clinical consequences of mendelsons syndrome? |
Bronchospasm Pneumonitis V:Q ratio changes Absessation |
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How do we avoid mendelsons? |
ETT Not allowing the animal to be too light or too deep Withold water 12-24h Withold food 12-18h Use cyclohexanes and etomidate over barbituates Ketamine is preferred Keep occiput high |
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What are the risks associated with ETT |
Risk of regurgitation itself
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How do we lower ETT risks |
Inflation of cuff before lowering the head Use of gags to increase safety
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How does tympany occur |
Inhibition of eructation Distension and respiratory constriction |
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How do we prevent tympany |
Withold fermentable food Rapid surgery and recovert Stomach tubing is sometimes used N2O associated risks but less so than gdv for example |
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How do we treat tympany |
Trochar or long needle insertion Recover to sternal position quickly |
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What are the problems with excess salivation |
Mess Laryngospasm Obstructs airway ECF losses Metabolic acidosis due to bicarbonate losses |
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How do we manage excessive salivation? |
avoid ketamine anti sialagogues such as atropine Drainage methods Return by stomach tube |
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What are the problems with respiratory function during ruminant anaesthesia |
Central depression Low FRC Poor compliance resulting in decreased tv and hypercapnia Bronchospasm Salivary Airway obstruction |
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What are the issues with ruminants and analgesia |
Different threshold tolerances for pain Behavioural differences to other animals Difficult to assess Memory and responses appear fine |
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What sign may a ruminant in pain show? |
Teeth grinding |
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What else can occur due to complications with anaesthesia? |
Myositis, reproductive problems (esp periparturient) |
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Why is cost important? |
Cost vs benefit vs animals value |
