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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DUTCH Ascended to the English throne with wife Mary, signed English Bill of Rights, stadtholder, Led coalition against France
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William III of Orange
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ENGLISH Came from Scotland, closet Catholic, makes peace with Spain, tries to relax penal laws against Catholics
hesitant to support German Protestants in Thirty Years’ War |
James I
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ENGLISH chief advisor Thomas Wentworth, Scottish rebellion against his attempt to put in the English Episcopal system leads to the reinstallment of Parliament, invades Parliament intending to arrest his rivals
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Charles I
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ENGLISH ran basically a military dictatorship which brutally conquered Catholic countries Scotland and Ireland
put in Puritan prohibitions against drunkenness, theatre going, and dancing |
Cromwell
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named monarch and he puts in the status quo from before Cromwell, Restoration,issues Declaration of Indulgence suspending all laws against Catholics and non-Anglican ENGLISH Protestants, executes Whig members for treason, converts to Catholicism on his death bed
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Charles II
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repeals the Test Act, puts Catholics in positions of power, and issues another ENGLISH Declaration of Indulgence permitting religious freedom, has Catholic heir to the throne
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James II
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ENGLISH 1st Prime Minister,promoted peace at home and abroad
spread trade from North America to India builds the military, especially the navy making Britain a world power |
Walpole
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FRENCH takes over country upon death of Cardinal Mazarin, huge palace was built for him, the Sun King
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Louis XIV
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AUSTRIAN claims throne after Pragmatic Sanction, defends herself against Prussia
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Maria Threresa
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PRUSSIAN raised taxes through force to build an army,Junkers, the German noble landlords in return for obedience to Frederick could enforce serfdom,army and Elector become powerful allies
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Frederick William the Great Elector
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most successful Prussian leader – made the strongest army in Europe the symbol of power and unity, while staying out of war
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Frederick William I
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RUSSIAN came to power at age ten, wanted to increase Russian military power, built a navy made a person’s social position and privileges more important than lineage
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Peter the Great
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Polish priest & astronomer
challenged Ptolemaic/Aristotelian models in use since antiquity |
Copernicus
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German astronomer, figured out planets move in elliptical, not circular, orbits
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Kepler
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Italian, broke ground using telescope, articulated concept of a universe governed by mathematical laws,
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Galileo
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discovered laws of gravity, laws of motion
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Newton
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English lawyer,father of empiricism,set an intellectual tone conducive to scientific inquiry
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Bacon
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inventor of analytic geometry, Most important contribution: scientific method relying more on deduction, Divided world into two categories: mind (thinking) & body (extension)
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Descartes
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Most original political philosopher of 17th c., Humans not basically social, but basically self-centered, State of nature is a state of war; life in this state is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”
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Hobbes
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Most influential philosophical and political thinker of the 17th c., Humans basically creatures of reason and goodwill, described human mind as birth as a “blank slate”
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Locke
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opposed both dogmatism and skepticism
erroneous belief in God is a safer bet than erroneous unbelief |
Pascal
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