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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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F-stop setting is determined by...
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dividing focal length by lens opening diameter (aperture)
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The higher an f-stop is...
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the less light will be allowed into the camera. (each step doubling amount of light let in)
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What are 3 types of lenses with corresponding angle view and focal length?
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Wide Angle- 21-35mm. 64-92. curved
Normal- 50mm. 46. real. Telephoto- 105-300mm. 8-21. flat |
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depth of field
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the zone between the nearest and farthest parts of the image that are reasonably in focus
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How does aperture relate to depth of field?
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smaller the aperture (f22) the greater depth of field. f2 will be shallow DOF
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How does focus distance relate to DOF?
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the farther the camera is from subject, the greater the depth of field
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how does focal length relate to DOF?
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The longer the focal length of the lens, the smaller the depth of field
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A fast lens is...
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capable of very wide open apertures and thus very low f-stop settings. able to achieve very shallow depths of field
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A slow lens is...
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not capable of as wide a maximum aperture as a faster lens. cannot blur as much behind your focal plane
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the hyperfocal distance is...
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the closest distance at which a lens can be focused with a maximum DOF
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relationship between DOF and Format
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Bigger negative (format) = Less DOF
Smaller negative (format) = More DOF |
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The only thing that affects perspective is..
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THE CAMERA TO SUBJECT DISTANCE
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What are the 7 visual components?
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1. Space
2. Line 3. Shape 4. Tone 5. Color 6. Movement 7. Rhythm |
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Non-coincidence of tone
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tonal range obscures the subject of the shot (common in film noir, horror etc)
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Two-Dimensional Camera Moves include:
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pan, tilt, zoom
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Three-Dimensional Camera Moves
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dolly, track, boom/crane
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Three components of Rhythm
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Alternation:is change
Repetition: of alternation Tempo: |
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Graphing visual structure using contrast/affinity
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The greater the contrast, the greater the visual intensity
•The greater the affinity, the more visual intensity decreases |
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Aspect Ratio Standards
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4:3 (1.33:1) used for TV
16:9- HDTV 1.85:1- Widescreen 2.35:1- Anamorphic standard |
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Three Basic shots
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LS, MS, CU
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Master scene technique; classic pattern
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Master shot, Long Shot, Singles or O/S, Closeups, Cutaways and Inserts
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Expose Time (Shutter Speed) =
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(1/Speed in FPS) X (angle of Shutter Opening/ 360)
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Overcranking
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to shoot at more than 48 frames per second (doing 72 slows it WAY down) - makes SLOW motion when played at 24 fps
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Undercranking
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to shoot at 12 fps - makes FAST motion when played at 24 fps
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Analog recording
digital recording |
analog- (VHS cassette)continuous electrical signal with a shape that is defined by the video wave it is representing
digital- (dvd cd)series of discrete on and off pulses in the form of 0s and 1s |
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Sound vs Audio
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sound- acoustical energy
audio- representation of sound. electrical signals |
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Properties of Physical Sound
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• Propagation
• Medium • Speed • Amplitude • Wavelength/Frequency |
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Amplitude
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or Level. increase of approximately 10 dB represents a doubling of perceived
loudness. threshold of pain about 120. |
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inverse
square law |
When the distance to a sound source
doubles, the size of the disturbance (level) diminishes to one quarter of its original size. |
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Frequency
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or Pitch. The number of occurrences of a wave per second
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The greater distance away from a sound...
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the bassier it will be
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The 3 sound fields in every room are...
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• Direct Sound
• Discreet Reflections • Reverberant Fields (sound no longer distinguishable) |
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to achieve Equal Loudness
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More energy is required at lower
frequencies to sound equally as loud as midrange and higher frequency sounds |
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dynamic microphones
condenser |
coil wire, magnet
capacitor, diaphragm- better high frequency |
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The 3-1 Rule
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No two mics should be closer
ree times the distance between them and the subject. |
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Screenplays
should only include |
what you can see and hear
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screenwriting concepts
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premise, step outline, treatment
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key
fill back light |
k-source
f- softer, close to camera b- separate from background |
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high-key vs low-key
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high-traditionally used in comedy, musical, sit-com. bright, flat.
low-dark, moody, noir. nothing to do with exposure |
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Formula for lighting ratio
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key PLUS fill ÷ fill
alone |
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a good rule of thumb is 1 amp for every...
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100 watts
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Casting: 4 criteria
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1. actors ability
2. whether he is right for part 3. directability 4. cast relationships |
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purpose of script analysis
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to find out
who those people (characters) are and what happens to them |
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WESTON’S ANALYSIS: 10 STEPS (first 5)
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1. screen directions
2. first impressions 3. facts 4. objectives 5. adjustments |
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WESTON’S ANALYSIS: 10 STEPS (second 5)
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6. Events
7. Character Spine 8. What the Script Is About 9. Spine of the Script 10.Premise |
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editing stage directions... first 3
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1. none describing character's inner life
2. depict blocking with no plot consequences 3. directions that give us char. personal objectives. circle |
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editing stage directions... second three
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4. directions that give backstory (facts)
5. directions that give us an image 6. directions that describe emotional event (does not look away) |
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Sound’s Talents
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• suggest a mood, evoke a feeling
• set a pace • indicate a geographical locale • indicate a historical period • clarify the plot • define a character • connect otherwise unconnected ideas, characters, places, images, or moments |
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Murch's rule of six
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Emotion (51%)
Story (23%), Rhythm (10%), Eye-trace (7%), Two-dimensional plane of screen (5%) Three-dimensional plane of screen (4%) |
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the crowbars of directing
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what are you trying to get him to do?
3 things- verb receiver and desired response |
