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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is located superior to the diaphragm on the left at the 5th intercostal space? |
Apex of the Heart |
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Pericardium |
Sac surrounding the heart |
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Pericardial effusion severe enough to decrease blood flow to the body, compress the heart. If untreated shock & death will occur |
Cardiac tamponade |
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Three layers of the Heart wall |
Outer epicardium Middle myocardium Inner endocardium |
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Annulus Fibrosus Cordis |
Composing dense connective tissue within the atrioventricular rings, providing support to the 4 chambers and valves of the heart |
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The remnant of the fetal foramen ovale.
Where is it located |
Fossa ovalis cordis
Oval depression on the right side of the interatrial septum, between the left and right atrium |
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Which 2 chambers do most of the pumping for circulation of blood |
Left and right ventricle |
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Left ventricle size and shape |
When looked across anteriorly has the appearance of a sphere 2/3 larger then right |
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Describe left atrioventricular aid |
When left ventricle contracts the right ventricle wall is pulled. Due to the right ventricle pocket attachment |
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Which 2 arteries arise from the root of the aorta |
Main left and right coronary arteries |
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Coronary artery obstruction can lead to tissue ischemia |
Angina Pectoris |
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Myocardial Infarction (MI) |
Complete death or obstruction within the coronary artery |
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Cardiac muscle ability to initiate spontaneous electrical impulse |
Automaticity |
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Extremely high HR decreases blood flow through coronary arteries because |
As diastolic time decreases, increasingly less time is available for coronary artery perfusion that occurs during diastole until coronary blood flow is decreased |
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Frank- Sterling law |
The more a cardiac fiber is stretched (up to a point) the greater the tension it generates when contracted |
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Aorta on left ventricle and ends @ the right atrium |
Systemic circulation |
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Pulmonary circulation |
Starts @ pulmonary artery out of the right ventricle and ends in the left atrium |
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What is the goal of the heart and vascular system |
Maintaining adequate perfusion to all tissue according to their METABOLIC needs |
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Sympathetic division Of the autonomic nervous system does what |
Primarily the one to Central control of blood flow |
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Smooth muscle relaxation & vessel dilatation occur as a result to stimulated by |
Cholinergic or specialized beta- adrenergic receptors |
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Formula for cardiac output |
CO= HR x SV |
• over Q |
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Contractility preload and afterload intrinsic control, affect |
SV |
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CO changes involves |
Change in SV, change in HR or both |
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EDV |
end-diastolic volume |
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During resting phase, diastole, the ventricles fill to a what volume |
End-diastolic volume |
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70mL |
Normal SV |
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Proportion of EDV ejected on each stroke |
64% |
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Preload and afterload are which concepts |
Tension or force and filling volume |
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Contractility |
The amount of systolic force exerted by the heart muscle @ any given preload |
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Stimulation exerting a negative inotropic effect |
Parasympathetic |
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A decrease in cardiac contractility and impaired myocardial function are a result of |
Profound hypoxia and acidosis |
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Vasoconstrictor area within the medulla being stimulated results in |
Increased vascular resistance and vasoconstriction |
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Cardioaccelerator area is a stimulator for |
HR increase by an increase of sympathetic discharge to th SA and AV of the heart |
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Name 2 types of peripheral cardiovascular receptors |
Baroreceptor Chemoreceptors |
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Responsive to pressure changes |
Baroreceptor |
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Chemoreceptors respond |
Blood chemical changes (ABG) |
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Vasoconstriction and increased HR are cardiovascular effects from |
Stimulation of the Chemoreceptors |
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Amount of time after depolarization ventricles contract |
Few 100th of a second |
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S1 sound represents |
Closing of mitral valve 1st. Immediately followed by tricuspid valve closure |
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Elastic recoil of the arteries |
Dicrotic notch |
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What arises from the aorta |
The main left and right coronary arteries |
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Decreased O2 supply |
Ischemia |
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Partial coronary artery obstruction Leading to tissue ischemia |
Angina pectoris |
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