Rstd 211- Test One

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Religio

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Latin;"to tie or to fasten"; A very limited Western/Christian notion.

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Dharma

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Sanskrit; Underlying natural laws- how you act defines what you will become.

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Religion

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"Religion is a set of beliefs, symbols, and practices which is based on the idea of the sacred, and which unites believers into a socio-religious community." -Happens in a social setting, it isn't limited to any one god or deity and can be suttle or not

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Immanent

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Present in the world

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Transcendent

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Existing above and outside the world

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Theists

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Think that the sacred is personal. Greek word=theos=deity.

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Nontheists

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NOT atheists; These people deny that the spiritual order is present and that there are no deities

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Polytheists

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Think that there are many gods.

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Monotheists

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Think that there is only one deity. (Buddhists believe themselves to be this)

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Monolatrists

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They worship one of the many available deities as the one, ultimate deity.Mediates polytheism and monotheism

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Atheists

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Believe that there is no deity and that everything is explained through physics.

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Agnostics

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Claim to not have enough knowledge to make a judgement either way

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Monists

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Make the metaphysical claim that the world is made of one underlying substance. Only physical OR mental but not both

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Dualists

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Claim that the world is made up of two substances in conflict with each other. Body and mind work together

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Pluralists

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Claim that the world is made up of many interacting but only loosely affiliated powers,

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Incarnation

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Latin; Refers to the idea that the sacred or divine takes on the singular human form of Jesus.

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Avatara

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Sanskrit; "Descent"; Refers to a belief in Hinduism that the sacred takes on many human and non-human forms.

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Sacred/Profane

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The everyday world of random, ordinary and unimportant occurrences and the realm of the extraordinary and the supernatural.

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Transpersonal

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The eternal and infinite; beyond limited personal or communal concerns

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Symbol

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Sense-based images used to represent spiritual realities

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Myth

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Stories based on symbols

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Cosmology

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Stories or myths about the creation of the world

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Eschatology

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Stories or myths about the end of the world

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Ritual

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Repeated patterned act (not chaotic)

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Dogma

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An authoritatively established doctrine- nonnegotiable.

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Responses to Religious Pluralism

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Exclusivism, Inclusivism, Pluralism

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Exclusivism

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Only one religious path is true and all other teachings are false

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Pluralism

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There are many religious paths; the recognition that there are many religious paths that are correct.

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Inclusivism

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The claim that one religion is true and that there are others out there for other people. -The mediary

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Scriptures (6)

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Bible, Qur'an, Bhagavad Gita, Zend Avesta, Book of Mormon and Guru Granth Sahib

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Dieties

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Kirshna (Hindu), Ahura Mazda (Zoroastrianism), Allah (Islam), Lord God (Christian- typically not Jewish), Kali (Hindu), Jesus (Christian), Zeus (Greek)

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Religious Communities (4)

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Church, Ummah (Muslim), Israel (Jews), Sangha (Buddhist)

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Syncretism

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Merging or fusion of differing systems of belief; eclecticism; the cafeteria approach to spirituality

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Mysticism

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The intuitive perception of truths beyond the limits of reason and the senses; "I'm not religious, i'm spiritual."

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Orthodox

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"Straight thinkers" who stand by a historical form of their religion. The most devote

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Fundamentalists

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Defends orthodox beliefs against liberals. More intense and extreme.

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Liberals

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Take a flexible approach to religious tradition

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Charisma

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Greek- "The Gift"; Personal magnetism often ascribed to founders of religions.

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Phenomenology

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An emphasis without bias or personal evaluation on the phenomena or "things" of religion. Influential theory in religious studies. You surrender your ability to be critical