Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Who came up with the theory of cognitive development that we sort of still use?
What were the names of the stages? |
Piaget used a stage theory
4 stages: 1. sensorimotor 2. preoperational 3. concrete operational 4. formal operations |
|
|
Describe the when and what of the SENSORIMOTOR STAGE
|
months 18-24
Concepts of cause and effects and develops idea of "Object permanence" |
|
|
What is the ability to change stages in the Piaget model of cognitive development based on?
|
Based on ability to manipulate environment
|
|
|
Describe the when and what of the PREOPERATIONAL STAGE
|
starts 18-24 months and goes until ages 6-7
- acquiring ability to form mental images of objects and events, but each object is only classified by one form (no conservation) |
|
|
Describe conservation...
|
idea that objects are the same regardless of how manipulate shape (puddy or water being poured in different glass)
|
|
|
Describe the when and what of the CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE
|
Ages 6-7 to 12- kids gain understanding of relations and seriation, reversibility--> greater use of concepts and logical thought
(A>B and B>C then A>C) or (why did your mother go to the store?) |
|
|
Describe the when and what of the FORMAL OPERATIONS
|
age 12- ability to deal with abstractions and reality- abstract relationships that could happen
|
|
|
What did we find out about Piaget's theory that we know now?
|
1. Shifts from one stage to another are more gradual and extremely dependent on environment
2. Infants are more capable that once though |
|
|
What does Piaget's shed light on for the physician?
|
Potential problems if child failed to progress through the stages
- flags chronically ill patients |
|
|
What are ways to help encourage rich environment for kids to learn?
|
Most important is interaction with adults and a variety of activities
|
|
|
From the perspective of information processing... what are the four main points of focus in child development?
|
1. Sensory processing- perceiving external world
2. Attention- unfocused scanning to focused planfullness 3. Memory- improving strategies, improving performance 4. Meta-cognition |
|
|
What is easiest for infant to recognize?
|
FACES
|
|
|
What is the Intelligence test involving?
|
Language skills, abstract thinking, non-verbal reasoning, visual spatial skills, attention and concentration, and speed processing
|
|
|
How do you score an IQ test SD wise?
|
mean = 100 and <70 = MR and >130 = gifted
means that 95% are 70-130 |
|
|
Intelligence test and age used...
a. WAIS b. WISC c. WPPSI d. Stanford-Binet Intelligence |
a. 18+ (Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale)
b. 6-17 (Weschler intelligence scale for children) c. 4-6 (Weschler preschool and primary scale of intelligence d. No idea |
|
|
Two types of intelligence focused in elderly
Which one can you improve using (-) M games with your kid? |
a. crystallized- dont lose this type... retrieval of facts and info
b. fluid intelligence- manipulation of ideas (M games) |
|
|
Whats the difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies?
|
Cross- different age groups assessed once
Longitudinal- same group over time |
|
|
three ways to describe how changes occur?
|
1. Discontinuity- ---->----->
2. Continuity- ------>(overlap of arrows) 3. Critical period- ----->(event here stops new arrow) |
|
|
What is the innate and implied universal emotional system of the infant?
|
facial expression
|
|
|
Name when the following occurs....
a. social smiling b. pain face c. laughter d. anger face e. sad/surprised face |
a. 2 months
b. 2 months c. 4 months d. 7 months e. within 1st year |
|
|
What is temperament?
What are the types? |
Quality and intensity of emotions
1. easy (40%) 2. Difficult (10%) 3. slow- to warm- up (15%) 4. none of the above |
|
|
What does high reactivity kids have more likely chance of?
Why is temperamental styles important? |
- more likely to be shy adults and more difficult children
- parents may be able to alter patterns by setting examples and encouraging new behavior in children |
|
|
When does strong attachment to caregiver develop?
|
6-7 months most likely to form d/t contact and comfort provided opposed to food
- lack of early attachment creates social and emotional deficiencies |
|
|
Describe the three most common groups of parental styles and which is best?
|
1. authoritarian- strict, punitive, unsympathetic, value obedience
2. permissive- (uninvolved)- complete freedom, lax discipline 3. Authoritative- (BEST) reasoning, give and take, firm, understanding, set limits |
|
|
Describe the consequences of the following parental styles...
a. authoritarian b. permissive c. authoritative |
a. unfriendly, distrustful, withdrawn
b. immature, dependent, unhappy, tantrums c. friendly cooperative, self-reliant, socially responsible |
|
|
Describe the concept of social clock in adulthood?
|
societal expectations for attainment of specific goals during each stage of adulthood
|
