Rpdwk1- 3-16 Embryo - Fertiliza Placental Develo

Front 1

Two layers of egg?
Explain fast and slow component to Zona (cortical) reaction

Back 1

corona radiata and zona pellucida

- FAst- change in resting potential of oocyte plasma membrane prevents further binding of sperm
- Slow- release of cortical granules containing enzymes (into PVS) that destroy sperm receptors

Front 2

Explain how the egg releases enzymes so there is not polyspermia

Back 2

1. Receptor for Zp3 on sperm head binds to ZP3 in egg zona pellucida
2. ZP3- receptor binding leads to clustering of receptors to sside of sperm head
3. resulting acrosome reaction releases acrosin which digest hole through zona
4. ZP2 receptor binds to ZP2 keeping sperm attached to zona

Front 3

What protein is required for sperm to fuse with eggs?

Back 3

Izumo required

Front 4

Describe the process of cleavage and blastocyst formation...

Back 4

Cleavage is a series of mitotic divisions of zygote
1. - zygote is cleaves to form a blastula consisting of increasingly smaller blastomeres (totipotent)
2. Blastomere form a morula by undergoing compaction with the protein uvomorulin

Front 5

Describe implantation

Back 5

occurs when blastocyst implants within the posterior superior wall of the uterus by day 7 of fertilzation
- Trophoblast becomes cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast

Front 6

What is the role of decidula cells?

Back 6

1. influence trophoblast migration and imuunologic response to embryo
2. secrete prolactin relationship with pregnancy-specific modulation of inflammatory cells (NK cells) . Also prostaglandin E2

Front 7

Two layers on the outside and two cavities on the inside... what are they?

Back 7

outside- cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
inside has two layers (hypo and epiblast)- amniotic cavity and yolk sac

Front 8

What happens with the lacuna?

Back 8

They fuse to form a lacunar network where mom's blood flows and establishes uteroplacental circulation

Front 9

Decidua has three layers explain all three

Back 9

1. Decidua basalis – that portion underlying the implantation site and
forms the maternal part of the placenta
2. Decidua capsularis – portion overlying the implanted embryo and separating it from the uterine cavity
3. Decidua parietalis – the remainder of the endometrium

Front 10

Two part of the placenta

Back 10

Chorion frondosum
Chorion laeve

Front 11

Placental barrier is made of what (high yield shit fucking)!?

Back 11

1. Syncytiotrophoblast -1
2. Cytotrophoblast -2
3. Extraembryonic mesenchyme- 3
4. Fetal endothelium- 4

Front 12

Define the difference between placenta previa and accreta (p. 64 review embryolog BRS)

Back 12

Placenta previa- implantation of the placenta over the cervical os charaacterized by painless bleeding during any trimester
Placenta accreta – abnormal trophoblastic invasion into the myometrium d/t defective decidual layer (placenta increta) or through the serosa and into the surrounding tissues (placenta percerta).Characterized by massive bleeding after pregnancy

Front 13

lithopedion is what?

Back 13

stone fetus after fetal death with an ectopic pregnancy, fetus is too large to be reabsorbed by the body and calcifies

Front 14

Gestaional trophoblastic disease has many different types but what are the main gyst of them

Back 14

A group of neoplasms, both benign and malignant, that arises from fetal tissue invading the maternal host.
- composed of trophoblastic tissue

Front 15

Describe the invasive GTDs...

Back 15

Invasive moles: invasion into myometrium of edematous chorionic villi covered with layers of proliferative trophoblastic cells, ß-hCG moderately elevated.

2. Choriorcarcinoma- mix of malignant cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast, no chorionic villii, B-hCG very elevated

Front 16

What is characteristics of placental site trophoblastic tumor?

Back 16

abscence of chorionic villi and proliferation of intermediate cytotrophoblasts
- low positive B-hCG secretes hPL