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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the cells types found in the following areas:
- ectocervix - endocervix - transition zone |
- stratified squamous
- columnar (mucinous) epithelium - dynamic region associated with squamous metaplasia and active cell turnover. |
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Which HPV type is the major one in endocervical glandular neoplasia (adenocarcinoma in situ and adenocarcinoma)?
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HPV 18.
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Is pap smear used to screen for endometrial cancer?
If a cervical lesion is suspicious clinically, but negative on pap, should it be evaluated further? __% of new cervical cancers are in women who have not had a recent pap smear (5 years). |
no, but it can help evaluate for recurrent tumor/progression.
Yes. ~75% |
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Is the straight smear or the liquid-based monolayer more readable re: pap smear type?
- can you do HPV testing on both? |
liquid-based.
- no, just liquid. |
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What are the three parts of the Bethesda system of PAP smear reporting?
- what is the most common reason for an "unsatisfactory"? |
- specimen type & adequacy
- general categorization (1: Within normal limits; 2: negative for intraepithelial lesions; 3: epithelial abnormality) - descriptive dx - too few squamous cells |
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One of the types of general categorization of pap smear results is "negative for interepithelial malignancy"... what does this category encompass?
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benign cellular changes, such as those caused by candida, cocobacilli, HSV
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Histology of the cervix is graded with HPV effect only -->CIN1-3, as previously stated. How are cytology pap smear's graded?
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low grade SIL (HPV - CIN1) & high grade SIL (CIN2/3)
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What is a Condyloma (Koilocytes)?
- dx of what? - called what in Bethesda system of reporting? |
Clear cytoplasmic, well defined vacuole with enlarged, irregular and dark nucleus (binucleation is common)
- dx of HPV infection - LGSIL... HGSIL would be high grade. |
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If you get a pap smear, and you see the following:
- nuclear abnormalities: irregular chromatin clumping, prominent nucleoli - background contains diathesis of degenerating cells, blood, and inflammation ...what might you think? |
cervical invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
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Is endocervical adenocarcinoma easier or harder to pick up on PAP compared to squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix?
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harder.
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What is ASCUS?
- benign reactive changes / dysplasia? - what do we do? How is that done? + NPV? |
aytypia squamous cells of undetermined significance
- some are dysplasia, some are benign reactive changes. - HPV testing; RNA probe assay detects HPV DNA in cells. + v. high NPV. |
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Differentiate between cervical polyps and Nabothian cysts.
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polyps: benign hyperplastic polyps arising in the endocervix; may be associated with discharge or bleeding.
Nabothian cysts: benign mucinous cyst-like distension of endocervical glands secondary to obstruction from squamous metaplasia. |
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What type of epithelium is found in the vagina physiologically?
- does it usually have glands? - vaginal adenosis seen in which cases? What cancer can arise from this? |
stratified squamous epithelium.
- no - can be seen in DES exposure --> clear cell carcinoma |
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What cell type covers the vulva?
- that is a painful, pale white plaques of unknown cause that are found on the vulva? - what are the sx of dermatitis of the vulva? |
keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
- lichen sclerosus - may be pruritic and/or painful, wide variety of causes. Exsematous, lichen planus, psoriasis, acantholytic, etc. |
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What might you seen in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva?
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keratin pearls.
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What rare neoplastic lesion of the vulva is characterized by glandular tumor cells w/i the epidermis and skin appendages. The tumor cells stain + for mucin indicative of thier glandular origin.
- are most cases associated with underlying adenocarcinoma? - more often found where? What is another rare neoplastic lesion that is sometimes found in the vulva, but much more often found on skin exposed to sun? |
Paget's dz (thought to be derived from intraepidermal stem cells)
- no - on breast - melanoma |
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Binucleated hypochromatic with perinuclear clearing --> what kind of cell?
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koilocyte: type of dysplastic squamous cell found in potentially precancerous cervical lesions. They have the following characteristics:
- cell looks like it has a halo |
