Routes And Techniques Of Drug Administration

Front 1

What are different forms of oral medications?

Back 1

Tablets
Capsules
Boluses
Liquids

Front 2

What are different forms of Liquid medications?

Back 2

Mixtures
Syrups
Elixirs
Emulsions

Front 3

What are Mixtures?

Back 3

Solutions and Suspensions

Front 4

What are the good things about oral medications?

Back 4

Easy to administer and they have long shelf lives

Front 5

What does it mean to have an enteric coating?

Back 5

Coating protects drug from acid environment of stomach and prevents dissolution until it enters the intestines.

Front 6

What are sustained release preparations?

Back 6

Release small amounts of drug into intestinal lumen over extended period of time.

Front 7

What are capsules?

Back 7

-Container made of gelatin or glycerin
-May contain a powder or a liquid
-cannot be broken to provide a smaller dose.

Front 8

What are Boluses?

Back 8

Large rectangular tables and are used for cattle and horses

Front 9

What are mixtures?

Back 9

aqueous solutions or suspensions

Front 10

What are solutions?

Back 10

Drug dissolved in liquid vehicle and does not settle out or precipitate if left standing.

Front 11

What are Suspensions?

Back 11

Drug particles suspended in liquid vehicle, settle to bottom, need to be shaken well before using.

Front 12

What are syrups

Back 12

A drug and a flavoring in a concentrated solution of sugar in water(solution)

Front 13

What are elixirs?

Back 13

A hydroalcoholic liquid containing sweeteners, flavoring, and a drug(solutions)

Front 14

What are emulsions?

Back 14

Mixture of two liquids (suspension= water+oil). One dispersed throughout the other in small droplets

Front 15

What are parenteral?

Back 15

Injections
Implants

Front 16

What are different kinds of injections?

Back 16

Single-dose vials
Multi-dose vials
Ampules
Large-volume bottles or bags

Front 17

What are single-dose vials?

Back 17

Must be discarded after one use

Front 18

What is a multi-dose vials?

Back 18

can be used for more than one dose and contain preservatives.

Front 19

What is an ampules?

Back 19

Single dose of medication in a small glass container with a thin neck

Front 20

What is a large-volume bottle or bags?

Back 20

usually attach IV infusion

Front 21

What can you use to reconstitute a parenteral drug?

Back 21

sterile water or other diluent

Front 22

What are implants?

Back 22

-Hard sterile pellets that contain a medicinal agent
-Inserted under the skin where they dissolve very slowly

Front 23

What are different kinds of Topical Drugs?

Back 23

Tinctures
Liniments
Lotion
Ointments
Creams
Dusting powders
Aerosols

Front 24

What are tinctures?

Back 24

Alcohol solutions

Front 25

What are liniments?

Back 25

Oil base

Front 26

What are lotions?

Back 26

Solutions or suspensions

Front 27

What are Cream drugs?

Back 27

semisolid dosage forms which liquify at body temperature.

Front 28

What are dusting powders?

Back 28

Mixtures of drugs in powder form.
May be absorbent(cornstarch) or lubricant(talcum).

Front 29

What are aerosols?

Back 29

Drugs mixed with a solvent and packaged under pressure with a propellant

Front 30

What are characteristics of Chemical preservatives?

Back 30

-added to parenterally administered drugs
-prevents destruction, loss of potency
-prevents microbial contamination
-If preparations with a preservative diluted, it must be used immediately(because preservative diluted)

Front 31

What are solvents?

Back 31

Increase solubility of a drug in a solution.

Front 32

What are inert or inactive ingredients?

Back 32

-Added to facilitate tableting, improve stability
-Can cause adverse effects if patient sensitive/allergic

Front 33

What are the five rights?

Back 33

Right Patient
Right Drug
Right Dose
Right Route
Right time and Frequency

Front 34

What are different ways to administer oral medications?

Back 34

Pilling by hand
pilling gun
coating with palatable food

Front 35

What is a balling gun?

Back 35

Used to administer boluses to large animals.

Front 36

What are some characteristics of liquid drugs?

Back 36

-Syringe inserted into cheek pouch, head up(small animals)
-Medications in drinking water or via orogastric tube(exotics)
-Nasogastric tube(horses)
-Orogastric tube through Frick Speculum(cows)

Front 37

What are some complications with parenteral drugs?

Back 37

Allergic reactions, irritation, necrosis, or infection at injection site.

Front 38

What is a an advantage of IV meds?

Back 38

Allows rapid, effective drug administration.

Front 39

What are IV meds used for?

Back 39

Used to restore and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, administer drugs, transfuse blood, deliver parenteral nutrition.

Front 40

What are some commonly used sites for iv meds?

Back 40

Cephalic
Jugular
lateral saphenous
occasionally femoral veins

Front 41

How often should you change IV tubing?

Back 41

every 24-48 hours.

Front 42

How often should you change an indwelling catheter?

Back 42

every 72 hours.

Front 43

When not used continuously how often should you flush an iv catheter with heparinized solution?

Back 43

every 8-12 hours

Front 44

What are inhalation meds used for?

Back 44

To treat respiratory tract problems.

Front 45

What are ophthalmic drugs?

Back 45

Solution or ointments that need to be reapplied several times a day

Front 46

What information should medication orders give you?

Back 46

Patient being treated
Drug needed
Dose required
Route of administration
Frequency of administration
+/- Duration of administration

Front 47

SID

Back 47

once a day

Front 48

BID

Back 48

Twice a day

Front 49

TID

Back 49

Three times a day

Front 50

QID

Back 50

Four times a day

Front 51

QOD

Back 51

Every other day

Front 52

PRN

Back 52

As needed

Front 53

h/d/w

Back 53

hour/day/week

Front 54

PO

Back 54

By mouth

Front 55

SC/SQ

Back 55

Subcutaneous

Front 56

IM

Back 56

Intramuscular

Front 57

IV

Back 57

Intravenous

Front 58

CC

Back 58

cubic centimeter/milliliter

Front 59

g

Back 59

gram

Front 60

gr

Back 60

grain

Front 61

L

Back 61

liter

Front 62

lb

Back 62

pound

Front 63

mg

Back 63

milligram

Front 64

mL

Back 64

milliliter

Front 65

ug

Back 65

microgram

Front 66

gtt

Back 66

drop

Front 67

od

Back 67

right eye

Front 68

os

Back 68

left eye

Front 69

ou

Back 69

both eyes

Front 70

ad

Back 70

right ear

Front 71

as

Back 71

left ear

Front 72

au

Back 72

both ears

Front 73

What should you include in the note in the medical record for the drug administered?

Back 73

When, What, How, And by whome meds were given

Front 74

What information should you give about the meds in the record?

Back 74

drug, concentration, number(amount dispensed, directions for administration (route, frequency, durations), number of refills.

Front 75

Meds must be dispensed in what kind of container?

Back 75

Childproof

Front 76

What must you put on the label of a drug?

Back 76

-Name, Address, phone number of the dispenser
-Client's name and species
-Drug name, strength, and quantity to be dispensed
-Date of order
-Directions for use
-Expiration date of drug
any refill information

Front 77

What information should be included on the written script of a prescription?

Back 77

-Name, address, and phone # of person writing script
-Date
-Owners name and address
-Patient species(and name)
-Rx: Drug name, concentration, -#/amount to be dispensed
-Sig: directions for administration
-number of refills permitted
-Signature of veterinarian
-DEA # if controlled substance

Front 78

What makes a controlled substance controlled?

Back 78

habit forming in humans

Front 79

What is the requirement for a bottle of a controlled substance?

Back 79

The original container show a captial c followed by a roman numeral of one of the five schedules in the upper right corner

Front 80

What are the five different schedules according to potential for abuse?

Back 80

Schedules I-V

Front 81

Schedule I

Back 81

Substance has no (or controversial) accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse

Front 82

Schedule II

Back 82

substances have accepted medical uses but have a high potential for abuse

Front 83

Schedule III

Back 83

Less potential for abuse than schedule II

Front 84

Schedule IV

Back 84

Substances with lower abuse potential than those in schedule III

Front 85

Schedule V

Back 85

Substances lowest on the scale of abuse potential. Include mostly antidiarrheal and anticough medication

Front 86

Where should you keep Controlled substances?

Back 86

Drugs must be kept in an unmovable, locked area(ideally double locked)

Front 87

What should you keep in the controlled substance log?

Back 87

date
owner's name
patients name
drug name
amount administered or dispensed
amount on hand
name of the tech or vet dispensing the drug

Front 88

What must the vet have to administer controlled substances?

Back 88

To administer, dispense, or prescribe vet must be registered with the DEA and this must be renewed every 3 years.

Front 89

What should the inventory of controlled substances include?

Back 89

-Name, address, and DEA #
-Date and time inventory taken
-Inventory information (total amount of each drug on hand
-Signature of the person taking the inventory

Front 90

When prescribed from a pharmacy the pharmacy will require a written copy of the order within __ hours

Back 90

72

Front 91

How long is a refill good for?

Back 91

6 months

Front 92

What should the label of a controlled substance include?

Back 92

"Caution: Federal law prohibits the transfer of this drug to any person other than the patient for whom it was prescribed"

Front 93

What should you tell the clients about the Controlled substance.

Back 93

How to administer the medication
why it was prescribed
any adverse reactions that may occur