Rome Vocabulary

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Sicily

Back 1

Sicily is at the the toe of the boot in Italy

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Apennines

Back 2

Runs all the way down the boot from north to south

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Latium

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in central Italy

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Tiber river

Back 4

The Tiber river gave the Romans a source of water

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Romulus and Remus

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founded the city of Rome

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Aeneas

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He and a band of followers are said to have sailed the Mediterranean Sea

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Latins

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The local people

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Etruscans

Back 8

played a major role in shaping Roman civilization

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Etruria

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the Etruscans lived north of Rome in Etruria

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Tarquins

Back 10

in Rome the Tarquins are the ruling family

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Republic

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the Romans over threw the Tarquins and made a republic

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Legions

Back 12

small groups of soldiers are called Legions

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Patricians

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Early Romans were divided into small classes: Patricians,and Plebeians. the Patricians were the wealthy land owners

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Plebeians

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most of the Romans were Plebeians.this group included artisans, shopkeepers, and owners of small farms

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Consuls

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were top government officials

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Veto

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the consuls also kept each other in line because each could be Veto
(veto means rejected)

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Praetors

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important officials were called praetors. they had to interpret the law

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Dictator

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oppressive ruler with complete control over the state

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Cincinnatus

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the best- known early Roman dictator

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Carthage

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on the coast of North Africa

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Hannibal

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To punish Rome,Carthage sent its greatest general, Hannibal to attack Rome in 218 B.c.

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Cannae

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the Romans suffered a great loss in 216 B.C. at the Battle of Cannae

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Scipio

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In 202 B.C.a Roman force was led by a general named Scipio

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Zama

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Zama was a battle or war

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Latifundia

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Is a large farming farming estate

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Julius Cesar

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Was a successful military man

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Triumvirate

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Is a political alliance of three people

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Rubicon Octavian

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Was the grandnephew of Julius Cesar

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Antony

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Was one of Cesar's top general's

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Actium

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was a battle off the coast of Greece

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Cicero

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was a political leader,writer,and Rome's greatest public speaker

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Augustus

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Octavian took the title of Augustus "the revered or the majestic one"

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Pax Romana

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means "Roman Peace"

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Caligula

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was an emperor came from Augustus's family

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Nero

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Nero was a cruel leader

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Hadrian

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Hadrian is known as one of the good leaders

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Aqueduct

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is a human-made channel made for caring water.

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Rhine River

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Hadrian set the empire's northern boundaries at the Rhine River

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Danube River

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Hadrian also set the empire's boundaries at the Danube River

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Puteoli

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Was on the bay of Naples and is one of the largest cites

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Ostia

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is also one of the largest cites and is at the mouth of the Tiber River

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Currency

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Rome's trade was a help by a common currency, or system of money

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Vault

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rows of arches were often built against one another to form a vault,or a curved ceiling

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Virgil

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was a Roman writer

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Horace

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was a poet who wrote satires

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Satires

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these works poked fun at human weakness

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Odes

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Horace also composed odes or poems that express emotions about life

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Galen

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Galen brought many medical ideas to Rome

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Anatomy

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One of Galen's medical ideas was Anatomy. Anatomy is the study of body structure

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Ptolemy

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Another important scientist was Ptolemy. He studied the sky and carefully mapped over 1,000 different stars

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Forum

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This was a open place that served as a market place and a public square

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Gladiators

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Gladiators fought animals and each other. many people watched as this happened

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Paterfamilias

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the father was the head of the house and was called Paterfamilias

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Spartacus

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in 73 B.C. a slave revolted broke out of Italy. It was led by a gladiator named Spartacus

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Plague

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a plague is a disease that spreads widely

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Inflation

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Rome was also suffering from Inflation, or rapidly increasing prices

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Barter

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Rome began to barter, or exchange goods without using money

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Diocletian

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A general named Dioletian became a emperor

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Reforms

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To stop the empire's decline, he introduced reforms, or political changes to make things better

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Constantine

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After a period of conflict, another general named Constantine became emperor in A.D. 312

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Constantinople

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was a city in Rome today it is called Istanbul

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Theodosius

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A fight broke out in Rome in A.D. 337 but Theodosius finally gained control and ended the fighting

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Alaric

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In A.D. 410 the Visigoth leader Alaric and his soldiers captured Rome itself

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Justinian

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became emperor of the byzantine Empire in A.D.565

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Mosaics

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are pictures made from many bits of colored glass and stone

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Saints

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Mosaics usually showed figures of saints, or Christian holy people