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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was Aeneas?
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A Trojan War Hero.
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Where did Aeneas flee to?
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from Ilium to the Italian peninsula.
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What did Aeneas do?
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He founded the city Alba Longa.
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Who was Rome named for?
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Romulus.
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What does Romulus do in anger?
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He kills Remus.
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What did Romulus tell the people?
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"go tell the Romans it is heaven's will that my Rome shall be capital of the world. Let them learn to be soldiers. Let them know and teach their children that no power on earth can stand against Roman arms."
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When and how was Rome created?
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1500 BCE when Latins (later known as romans) crossed the Alps and settled around the Tiber River.
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Who conquered the Latins?
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The Etruscans (a group from the north of river)
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What did the Etruscans do?
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Turned Rome from village to city
built temples/public buildings drained swamp below the Palatine Hill for public meeting space (later known as forum) |
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Rex
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King
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Who was Tarquin the Proud?
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the last king before Etruscans ended the Monarchy, was known for violence and murder to control his people who hated him.
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What changed the monarchy?
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King had a son who raped a Roman woman named Lucretia in 509 BCE, woman told her family then killed herself, her brother carried her body to the forum, this made people rebel against King Tarquin.
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What did the monarchy change to?
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Republic
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what was a republic?
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A state where citizens had the right to choose their leaders or representatives who make political decisions on their behalf, if there is a ruler he does not have ultimate authority, the people have authority through their representatives.
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what does the word republic come from?
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res publics meaning public affairs in Latin
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What did Romans emphasize?
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Discipline, strength, and loyalty
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Gravitas
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Essentially seriousness
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pietas
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duty/devotion
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dignitas
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dignity/prestige
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who controlled the family?
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the eldest male
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what was the oldest male called?
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pater familias or "father of the family"
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what could the oldest man do?
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he controlled property, could sell a family member into slavery, kill a family member, and more without penalty. also spoke for the family during public assemblies
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What were good things about being a woman in ancient Rome?
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women were citizens, ran the household, had more freedom than Greek women, could own property, ate meals with husband.
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what were bad things about being a woman in ancient Rome?
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couldn't vote.
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What was the upper class known as?
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Patricians
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Why were the Patricians the upper class out of anyone?
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they claimed their ancestry gave them the right to make laws for Rome and its people.
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what were commoners known as?
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plebeians (Plebs) or free citizens
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What did everyone (no matter what class) have to be?
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farmers and soldiers at the same time
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how long did you have to serve as a soldier before you could hold office?
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10 years
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Legion
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huge military formation of 4000-6000 heavily armed infantry and cavalry, typically divided into 60 groups of 100 men, each known as a century
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what did citizens have to provide by themselves?
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their own armor and weapons, sometimes cavalry
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SPQR
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Senate and the Roman People ("Senatus Populusque Romanus")
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What did SPQR show?
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patricians and plebeians fighting constantly; plebeians were the majority of the population.
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What couldn't Plebeians do?
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be senators, command armies, or serve as high priests (no important jobs)
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when and what did the plebs strike against?
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in 494-287 BCE thousands of plebs refused to fight in the army unless patricians agreed to certain reforms
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What was the result of the Pleb strike?
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patricians gave in, there were more rights, debt enslavement ended, marriage between the classes was allowed, and Plebs got own assembly to make decisions.
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What were the twelve tables?
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twelve sets of rules to live by; code of laws, foundation of later roman law.
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what were consuls?
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like a president but there were two of them, officials, command army, direct government, had power of life and death over citizens in wartime, great powers in peacetime as well
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what were the consuls' limitations?
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a consul'sterm was only one year long, same person could not be elected again for ten years, ne consul could always overrule or veto the others decision.
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veto
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"i forbid"
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what were dictators?
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a leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army in times of crisis, power only lasted six months and were chosen by the consuls then elected by the senate.
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Who was Cincinnatus?
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the Roman ideal of a dictator, he was plowing the four-acre farm when messengers brought him the news, left his plow, defeated Rome's enemies and stepped down as dictator within 15 days, returned to his farm to finish plowing
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Who was Pyrrhus?
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a king in western Greece, a great general.
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what did Pyrrhus do?
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brought 20,000 soldiers to fight the Romans, lost against the legions twice, every battle he suffered terrible losses, was defeated by Romans in 275
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Pyrrhic Victory
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based on the saying "you can win every battle and still lose the war"
a victory gained at too high a price. |
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what were conquered people considered?
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half-citizens
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what rights did half-citizens have?
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all the ones of normal citizens except the right to vote
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What was an advantage that Carthage had towards fighting Rome?
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three times the size of rome, had navy of 500 ships, extremely wealthy; wealth allowed them to hire neighbors as mercenaries (numidians from numida)
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what were the advantages Rome had towards fighting Carthage?
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500,000 troops that can be called through various conquests, citizen troops were more loyal and reliable than the Numidian mercenaries, excelled in warfare.
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punic
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phoenicia
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why were the punic wars started?
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Rome and Carthage were fighting over control of Sicily and Western Mediterranean.
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In the first punic war, how did the Romans get lucky?
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A Carthaginian ship washed up on their shore, they copied the successful ship, made 140 of them.
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Corvus
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Raven
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What was a Corvus?
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Ganplank with an iron hook attached called a raven, Roman ship would sail next to a Carthaginian vessel, Gangplank would crash between the two, the beak would stick into the Carthaginian deck binding to ships together, romans would rush over the Gangplank and attack, Romans won first two naval battles against Carthage
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how long did the first punic war?
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23 years, ended when Carthage's last fleet was defeated, was exhausted more than beaten and sued for peace
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What were the effects of the first war?
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ended Carthage's time as a sea power, Rome won Sicily as the chief war prize, great triumph because Sicily was rich and able to produce a lot of grain, the city of Carthage remained untouched and continued to generate wealth through trade, Rome learned how to conduct war on a massive scale, senate learned how to finance that kind of war.
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How did the Senate learn how to finance that kind of war?
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how to find the men for armies, supplies, how to build fleets, how to conduct the politics on the home from in times of war.
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Who was Hamilcar Barca
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hero of Spanish conquest, fierce warrior who hated Rome
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What did Hamilcar force his son, Hannibal, to do?
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Hate Rome
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What was Hannibal's goal?
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Destroy Roman empire
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What did Hannibal do?
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at 29, raised an army to try to capture Rome, 50,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry, and 60 elephants! set out to invade Italy.
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what were difficulties Hannibal's army faced?
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desertion, battles with Gallic tribes, and blizzards across mountains, most of his army left to go back home, ended up with 26,000 men and 24 elephants, still won
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what were the effects of Hannibal's defeats?
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Romans did not dare to challenge him in battle, were like bullies and could order around Romans even though the army could not capture Rome itself.
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How did Rome stand a chance against Hannibal and Carthage?
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found a general like Hannibal himself, Scipio, who had a plan to attack Carthage which made Hannibal go home to fight.
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Who rebuilt Corinth after Rome destroyed it?
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Julius Caesar
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When was Corinth finally destroyed? How long did the war last?
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149-146BCE
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Who was Cato?
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A roman senator than started the Corinth battle
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What did Cato always end his speeches with?
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Carthago Delenda est (carthage must be destroyed)
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What did the Carthaginians do to themselves after they fought back?
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barricaded themselves behind a wall for three years.
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What did Scipio Aemilianus say when he watched the city of Carthage burn?
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"this is a glorious moment, and yet I am seized with fear and foreboding that some day the same fate will befall my own country"
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