Rome: Rise And Fall

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Peninsula

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a piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of water.

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Trade

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exchange (something) for something else, typically as a commercial transaction.

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Empire

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an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.

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Emperor

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a sovereign ruler of great power and rank, especially one ruling an empire.

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Deity

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a god or goddess (in a polytheistic religion).

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Julius Caesar

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Roman general, statesman, and historian.

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Caesar Augustus

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first Roman emperor 27 b.c.–a.d. 14

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Pax Romana

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the peace that existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire.

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Christianity

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the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

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the Eastern churches that form a loose federation according primacy of honor to the patriarch of Constantinople and adhering to the decisions of the first seven ecumenical councils and to the Byzantine rite.

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Roman Catholic Church

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The branch of Christianity headed by the pope. The Roman Catholic Church is governed by a hierarchy with the pope at the top and, at the lower levels, bishops and priests.

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Diocletian

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Roman emperor 284–305; full name Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus. Faced with mounting military problems, in 286 he divided the empire between himself in the east and Maximian in the west. Diocletian launched the final persecution of the Christians (303).

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Constantine

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Emperor of Rome who stopped the persecution of Christians and in 324 made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire; in 330 he moved his capital from Rome to Byzantium

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Constantinople

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the largest city and former capital of Turkey; rebuilt on the site of ancient Byzantium by Constantine I in the fourth century; renamed Constantinople by Constantine who made it the capital of the Byzantine Empire; now the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Church.

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Byzantine Empire

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The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, originally founded as Byzantium).

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Romulus

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the founder of Rome, in 753 b.c., and its first king: a son of Mars and Rhea Silvia, he and his twin brother (Remus) were abandoned as babies, suckled by a she-wolf, and brought up by a shepherd; Remus was finally killed for mocking the fortifications of Rome, which Romulus had just founded. 2. a town in S Michigan.

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Aeneas

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In Greco-Roman mythology, Aeneas (/ᵻˈniːəs/; Greek: Αἰνείας, Aineías, possibly derived from Greek αἰνή meaning "praised") was a Trojan hero, the son of the prince Anchises and the goddess Venus (Aphrodite).

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Remus

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twin brother (Remus) were abandoned as babies, suckled by a she-wolf, and brought up by a shepherd; Remus was finally killed for mocking the fortifications of Rome, which Romulus had just founded.

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Republic

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a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

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Latin

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the language of ancient Rome and its empire, widely used historically as a language of scholarship and administration.