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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is another name for the Romantic Period?
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The Age of Unending Lyricism
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What is the time frame?
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1820-1900
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Why was Beethoven particularly important?
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He was one of the main transition figures from the Classical to the Romantic Period
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What are some important facts about Beethoven's works?
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They have great intellectual depth, formal innovations and intense, highly personal expression
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What were the main ideas of the French Revolution
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Liberty, Fraternity and Equality
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What were the ideas that the Romantic Period stressed?
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Individuality, Imagination and Emotion
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Where the industrial revolution begin?
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Britain
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What did the industrial revolution change about the way of life during the Romantic Period?
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The aristocratic land owners became middle-class, and the agrarian centers shifted to urban centers
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What were some inventions during the Romantic Period?
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the lawnmower, the telegraph, the sewing machine, the saxophone, the telephone
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What did the spread of nationalism do?
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People all over the world, from different countries began to promote their own national identities and resist outside authority. This push for an identity created countries (unification of Italy, German empire, United States). The principles of democracy were on the rise
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What effect did Napoleon Bonaparte have during the Romantic Period?
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When the aristocracy of France was restored in 1815, after the defeat of Napoleon, revolutionary fever gave way to dissatisfaction. The Romantic Period began to show the world in a more realistic sense. People yearned for reform of society
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What are the major characteristics of the arts in the Romantic Period?
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-stressed individuality and emotion
-broke away from rules and conventions -glorification of nature -nostalgia -the macabre and the supernatural -exotic influences -realism |
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Who was Friedrich von Schiller?
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Schiller was a playwright. His writing focused on the romantic fascination with death, life, sin and redemption, guilt and selflessness
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Who was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe?
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Goethe wrote poetry, novels and plays. His writing focused on the romantic fascination with death, life, sin and redemption, guilt and selflessness
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Who was Victor Hugo?
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Hugo was a poet, a playwright, a novelist, a visual artist, a statesman and a human right's activist. He explored the Romantic theme of conflict between the individual and society.
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Who was Charles Dickens?
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Dickens was an English writer and social campaigner. His novels were works of social commentary. He was a fierce critic of poverty and social stratification
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Who was Karl Marx?
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Marx was a German philosopher and economist. His ideas were most influential in the 20th century, and he said that the history of society consisted of the conflict between the capitalists and the working class (proletariat)
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Who was Charles Darwin?
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Darwin was a scientist and believed that all being on Earth were the result of natural selection. He coined the term survival of the fittest to explain why some animals die out and others survive. This theory challenged religion and had many social repurcussions
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What were the Art Song and the Song Cycle?
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-also called lieder, art songs, chansons
-They were compositions for the solo voice and the piano -typical forms included: strophic and thorough composed |
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Who was Franz Schubert?
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Schubert was an Austrian composer. He wrote 600 lieder. One of his works was called the Erlkoenig, based on the poem by Goethe
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Who was Clara Wieck Schumann?
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Clara Schumann was a German composer and pianist. She marries Robert Schumann and premiered many of his piano pieces. She composed a piano concerto, a piano trio, solo piano pieces and songs
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What was the architecture like in the romantic period?
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There was no distinguished style of the romantic period, but many of the architecture was taken from other eras
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Who were some famous sculptors?
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Francois Rude, Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux, Auguste Rodin
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Who were some famous painters of the Romantic Period?
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Eugene Delocroix, Camille Corot, Francisco Goya, Gustave Corbet,
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Who were some famous Impressionist painters?
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Claude Monet, Edoward Manet, Edward Degas, Pierre Auguste Renoir,
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Who were some famous Post-Impressionist painters?
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George Seurat, Vincnet van Gogh, Paul Gaugin,
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What were some important things that were started during the Romantic Period?
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-conservatories
-public and subscription concerts |
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How did the life of the composer change during the Romantic Period?
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Composers gradually left the patronage system and began working as free agents, their livelihood depended on public approval, the composer of the Romantic Period saw himself as the struggling artist
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How did the life of the performer change during the Romantic Period?
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There was a rise in the virtuosic performer. the public was captured by showmanship
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Who was Frederich Chopin?
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-polish composer and pianist
-lived in paris for most of his life -composed only for the piano -piano works are normally free-form or dance like |
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Who was Franz Liszt
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-Hungarian virtuosic composer
-showman -daughter married Wagner -innovative composer -used complex and unusual chords -created the symphonic poem |
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What were the general music characteristics of the Romantic Period?
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-individuality
-expressive aims and subjects -nationalism and exoticism -rise and importance of program music |
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What are the characteristics of the melody in the Romantic Period?
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-it was the age of lyricism, unending melody
-melodies appealed to the emotions -phrases tended to be longer and irregular in length -themes are more complex and utilized chromaticism -advent of theme transformation (berlioz and wagner) |
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What are the characteristics of harmony in the Romantic Period?
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-basically tonal
-chromatic chords pushed tonality to the breaking point |
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What were the characteristics of rhythm in the Romantic Period?
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-metric
-rhythmic effects were used for color (rubato) -a new vocabulary of music terms arose |
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What were the characteristics of texture in the Romantic Period?
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-essentially homophonic
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What were the characteristics of timbre in the Romantic Period?
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-full exploration of the musical families
-instruments used for individual color and potential -timbre was used to convey moods -orchestra much bigger (from 70-100 players) -instruments could play louder and carry farther -instruments were capable of major changes in dynamics |
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What happened to the Strings section of the orchestra during the Romantic Period?
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-the string section increased and were given more difficult parts
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What happened to the Woodwinds section of the orchestra during the Romantic Period?
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-there was the invention of new instruments (saxophone, piccolo, bass clarinet)
-important improvements to wind instruments |
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What happened to the Brass section of the orchestra during the Romantic Period?
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The addition of valves allowed for improvements in the instruments, allowed them to play the full chromatic compass
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What happened to the percussion section of the orchestra during the Romantic Period?
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expanded to include bass drum, snare drum, cymbal and other "exotic" percussion instruments (gong, castanets)
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What were the main vocal genres of the Romantic Period?
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-opera
-music drama -mass and requiem -art song |
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Who was Giuseppe Verdi?
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-Italian composer
-music was a symbol of the Italian liberation movement |
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Who was Giacomo Puccini?
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-Italian composer
-did not involve himself in politics -known for beautiful lyricism |
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What was Richard Wagner?
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-german composer
-created music dramas -used leitmotifs (thematic transformation) |
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What were some examples of absolute music?
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-symphony
-concerto -sonata -string quartet |
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What were some examples of program music?
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program symphony
tone poem symphonic poem |
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What were the characteristics of dynamics in the Romantic Period?
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-gradual
-much wider range -used extensively |
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What were the characteristics of Form in the Romantic Period?
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Stretching of classical forms:
sonata-allegro rondo theme and variation minuet and trio |
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Who was Johannes Brahms
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-traditionalist
-german -befriended the Schumann family |
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Who was Hector Berlioz?
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-french
-most of his works call for huge instrumental and programmatic works |
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Who was Modest Mussorgsky?
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-russian
-one of the russian 5 |
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Who was Bedrich Smetana?
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-Bohemian (Czech Republic)
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