Roman Vocabulary

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Etruscans

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First rulers of Rome with the Tarquin Monarch Dynasty.

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Latins

Back 2

People who inhabited the villages along the Tiber River and became the Romans

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Republic

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Government where the citizens elect representatives to govern them.

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Roman Senate

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Governing body of the new Roman Republic.

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Consuls

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2 selected officials from the Senate who ran the government and led the Roman army.

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Praetors

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Officials selected from the Senate who were in charge of the civil law and were the judges.

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Carthage

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City-state founded by the Pheonicians around 800 B.C. who became the dominating trading nation in the Mediterranean.

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Punic War

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Name Romans called Carthaginians was Punicas, which is Latin for Phoenician.

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Hannibal

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Leading Carthaginian general who led his troups over the Alps to attack Rome.

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Gracchus Brothers

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Tiberius and Gaius were elected Tribunes who were killed by their political opponents for wanting social reform.

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First Triumvirate

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The three powerful winners of civil wars and they shared government rule 3 ways.

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Rubicon

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The river that forms the southern boundary of Gaul and when Caesar crossed that river into Italy he had committed treason against the Senate.

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Dictator

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Absolute ruler who governs.

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Octavian

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Julius Caesar’s nephew who he adopted as his heir and who became the first Emperor of Rome and was given the name of Augustus, which means exalted one.

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Marc Antony

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Caesar’s leading general who fought civil war with Octavian for rule of Rome.

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Pax Romana

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Interpreted as Roman Peace, which started under Augustus Caesar in 27 A.D. and continued through 180 A.D.

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Trajan

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Emperor of Rome who ruled from 98 A.D.-117 A.D., and expanded it the most, all the way into Mesopotamia and Rumania of eastern Europe.

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Livy

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The most prominent Roman historian.

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Patricians

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The aristocrats of the social structure.

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Plebeians

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The common people of the social structure.

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Spartacus

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Most famous as a slave and gladiator who led the largest slave revolt against Rome in 73 B.C.

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Roman Mythology

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Roman religion which was borrowed from the Greeks and given Roman names.

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Judaea

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The old Jewish kingdom of Judah.

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Procurator

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Director or “governor” of a Roman province.

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Jerusalem

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Capital of Judaea.

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Jesus

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Jewish teacher who began a movement within Judaism.

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Apostles

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Followers of Jesus who spread his word
after his death.

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Simon Peter

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One of the most prominent and accepted leaders of the apostles.

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Paul

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A major apostle who was a Jewish Roman citizen and came to Christianity after Jesus’ death and took the message to the Gentiles.

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New Testament

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Second part of the Christian bible which are Gospels of the apostles.

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Clergy

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Church leaders.

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Laity

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Regular church members.

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Constantine

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Became the first Christian emperor.

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Edict of Milan

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Proclaimed official tolerance for all religions including Christianity.

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Theodosius the Great

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Roman emperor who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.

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Diocletian

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Emperor who split the empire into 2, east and west with 2 emperors (he was the superior).

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Constantine

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Became the emperor after civil war and decided to move the capital of the Roman empire to Byzantium on the Bosporus strait.