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Roman Republic

Roman Republic

by emilyisobella, Nov. 2016

Subjects: Ancient History

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182 Cards in this Set

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When did Cato the Elder live?	234 - 149 BCE
What were Cato's opinions of war?	There should be good reason for it.	He wasn't against it but..
What did Cato do in 167 BCE?	Urged Rome not to go to war with Rhodes.	In relation to war.
When did Polybius live?	264 - 146 BCE.
What did Polybius write about?	The Roman Constitution, The Battle of Cannae..	Third Century BCE.
When did Livy live?	59 BCE - 17 CE.
What did Appian write?	The Civil Wars.
What did Dio write about?	Senate's reactions to Augustus renouncing his power.	Relevant to Augustus.
What did Cassius Dio think of Augustus' reign?	That is was basically a monarchy.
What did Suetonius write about?	Octavian and his transition to Augustus.	Caesar.
What did Suetonius write about Augustus in relation to the republic.	That Augustus considered restoring the republic but decided against it.
What did Dionysius of Halicarnassus write about?	The treaty between Rome and the Latins in 493 BCE.	A treaty.
When did Cicero live?	106 - 43 BCE.
Who was Cicero known to be friendly with?	Pompey.
What did Tacitus write about Augustus?	He criticised him, and his position as dictator.
What were the seven hills of Rome?	Capitoline, Aventine, Palatine, Caelian, Esquiline, Viminal, Quirinal.
Who were Romulus and Remus?	Mythical founders of Rome.	A myth.
What is the traditional foundation date of Rome?	753 BCE.	8th Century.
What were the Trials of Romulus and Remus?	Who could draw the boundary of the city - Remus crossed Romulus' and was killed.	City boundaries.
When did Romulus rule?	753 - 715 BCE.	8th Century.
Who ruled from 715 - 673 BCE?	Numa Pompilius.
What did Numa Pompilius do?	Reformed the calendar, create priesthoods, establish the Temple of Vesta.	Reforms? Religion?
When did Tullus Hostilius rule?	672 - 642 BCE.	7th Century.
What is Tullus Hostilius known for?	Conquering Alba Longa, expanding Roman rule in Latium and founding the Senate house in Rome (and the forum).	The senate? War victories?
Who ruled from 642 - 617 BCE?	Ancus Marcius.
What was Ancus Marcius known for?	Building the first bridge over a river, and a sea-port.	Water.
Who was Tarquinius Priscus?	King of Rome from 616 - 579 BCE.	A ruler.
What was Tarquinius Priscus known for?	Instituting celebrations for war victories.	War.
Who ruled Rome from 578 - 535 BCE?	Servius Tullius.
What was Servius Tullius most famous for?	His head bursting into flames and surviving.	Fire.
Who took Rome's first census?	Servius Tullius.	A King.
What did Servius Tullius do as King?	Organised centuriate assembly and divided the military classes.	Military.
When did Tarquinius Superbus rule?	534 - 510 BCE.	6th Century.
What was Tarquinius Superbus known for?	The Rape of Lucretia.	He was expelled from Rome for this.
When was the Republic of Rome established?	509 BCE.	6th Century.
What is the Res publica?	The public matter - the Commonwealth or state.
What is the Mos maiorum?	The ways or customs of ancestors, or tradition.
How many consuls are there?	Two per year.
How old should consuls be?	At least 42.
What does the Senate do?	It's an advisory body for shaping laws.	Legality.
What are patricians?	Specific families - those that were rich and powerful.	Iulii, Claudii, Valerii
What positions did patricians hold?	Pontifex maximus, augers, rex sacrorum.	Priestly.
Who were the plebeians?	All free Romans who weren't patricians.	Originally powerless.
What important event happened in 509 BCE?	The foundation of the Republic.
When was the first secession of the plebs?	494 BCE.	5th century.
What was established in 494 BCE?	The office of tribune of the plebs.	Plebeians.
When was the concilium plebis established?	471 BCE.	5th Century.
What was the first decemvirate and when did it occur?	The first ten of the twelve tables - 451 BCE.	Tables.
What happened in 450 BCE?	The final 2 tables - the second decemvirate.	Tables.
When was the second secession of the plebs?	449 BCE.	5th Century.
What happened during the second secession of the plebs?	Tribunes were ratified as sacrosanct, people's right of appeal against magistrate's actions could not be overturned, plebiscites were legally binding.	Tribunes, plebiscites..
When did the first quaestor's take office?	447 BCE.	5th Century.
What is the lex Canuleia and when was it established?	445 BCE - overturned the ban of marriage between patricians and plebs.	Marriage.
When were censors introduced?	443 BCE.	5th Century.
What was the censors job?	To enrol men into the senate.	Senators.
What were the Licinio-Sextian laws and when were they passed?	367 BCE - attempts to deal with debt by limited public land ownage, and permitted plebeians to hold one consulship.	Land, plebs.
Who was the first Plebeian consul?	L. Sextius Lateranus in 366 BCE.	Butt.
What law was passed in 342 BCE?	L. Genucius' law that one consul must be a pleb.	Plebeians.
When were the pontifices and augures opened up to plebs?	300 BCE.	4th Century.
When was the third secession of the plebs?	287 BCE.	3rd Century.
What wars did Polybius write on?	The Punic Wars.	Some of the first.
When did the First Punic War begin?	264 BCE.	3rd Century.
When was the first Treaty between Rome and the Latins?	493 BCE.	5th Century.
With whom was the treaty in 509 BCE signed?	Carthage.	Polybius recounted this.
What was the Battle of Lake Regillus?	Latium rebelled against Rome and was defeated (499 BCE).	Rebellion.
What was conquered in 396 BCE?	Veii - after a 10 year siege.	This brought public land back into Roman control.
What important event happened in 390 BCE?	The Sack of Rome by the Gauls.	Geese.
How long did the Sack of Rome by the Gauls last?	7 months.	Less than a year.
When was the Latin Revolt?	341 - 338 BCE.	4th Century.
What important event happened during the Latin Revolt?	T. Manlius Torquatus' son of the same name broke rank, won, but was executed.	It's ridiculous.
What is the Rostra?	The speakers platform.
When did the First Samnite War span?	343 - 341 BCE.	Short, 4th Century.
Who won the First Samnite War?	The Romans.
Where did the Samnites attack during the First Samnite War?	Campania.
What happened during the Second Samnite War?	Neapolis attacked Campania, the Romans retaliated and the Samnites declared war.	What started it?
When was the Battle of Caudine Forks?	321 BCE.	4th Century.
What battle did the Romans lose in 321 BCE?	The Battle of Caudine Forks.
When was the Via Appia constructed, and by whom?	Appius Claudius Caecus begun the construction during the Samnite Wars.	During war.
What was captured in 304 BCE?	The Samnite capital.
When was the Third Samnite War?	298 - 290 BCE.	3rd Century.
Which battle was fought in 295 BCE during the Third Samnite War?	The Battle of Sentinum.
Who did Rome ally with during the Pyrrhic War?	Carthage.
When was the Battle of Beneventum and did Rome win?	275 BCE - Rome was defeated.
How did Pyrrhus die?	He was killed by a falling roof tile.	Just funny.
When was the First Punic War?	264 BCE.	3rd Century.
Where did the First Punic War centre around?	Messana.
Did Rome go to war during the First Punic War?	No - Carthage responded to the King of Syracuse and installed a garrison.	They weren't the only ones appealed to.
Who wrote of the First Punic War?	Polybius.
When did Rome siege Syracuse?	263 BCE.	3rd Century.
When was the African Expedition and what occurred?	256 BCE - Rome tried to take Carthage and failed.	Regulus was captured.
Who established the peace treaty of the African Expedition?	Hamilcar Barca.	Carthage withdrew here.
When did Rome seize Sardinia?	238 BCE.	3rd Century.
Who is Hannibal in relation to Hamilcar Barca.	His son.
Who is Hasdrubal in relation to Hamilcar Barca?	His son-in-law.
What did Polybius write in relation to the Barcid Dynasty.	Hannibal started war after asking Carthage what to do.	Saguntum.
What happened during the Battle of Trebia?	Hannibal won over the Romans using elephants.	Cornelius and Sempronius fought and survived.
When was the Battle of Lake Trasimene?	May of 217 BCE.	3rd Century.
What happened during the Battle of Lake Trasimene?	Carthaginians stormed from the hills killing Flaminius, Hannibal headed south and outmanoeuvred Rome.	Hannibal and Flaminius.
Who was Q. Fabius Maximus?	A dictator appointed by the comitia centuriata.
When was the Battle of Cannae?	216 BCE.	3rd Century.
What happened during the Battle of Cannae?	Rome was defeated hugely (for the last time), Aemilius Paullus (consul) was killed.	It didn't happen again.
What was the Lex Oppia?	It limited jewelry, banquets, and raised taxes in 215 BCE.	Livy wrote of this.
Who is P. Cornelius Scipio 'Africanus'?	A curule aedile in 213 BCE, who fought at Ticinus and Cannae.
When was Hasdrubal defeated?	208 BCE during the Spanish War.	Spain.
When did Spain fall under Roman control?	205 BCE.	Scipio returned to Rome this year.
What was established in the Peace Treaty of 201 BCE?	Carthage could never wage war again without Roman permission.	In relation to war and Carthage.
When was the Lex Claudia established?	218 BCE.	3rd Century.
What did the Lex Claudia forbid?	Senators or their sons from owning a ship that could carry over 300 amphorae.	Livy said this was a moral measure.
What were the publicani?	They were people concerned with the public property of the state.	Not senators.
What did the publicani do in 215 BCE that was notable?	Supplied the army in Spain with clothes and food.
When was the First Macedonian War?	215 - 205 BCE.	Concurrent with the Second Punic War.
What alliance was made during the First Macedonian War?	Hannibal made an alliance with Phillip V, King of Macedon.	Barcid Dynasty.
Where was the First Macedonian War focussed?	Illyricum.
When did the Second Macedonian War span?	200 - 196 BCE.	Short - 3rd/2nd Century.
What major events happened during the Second Macedonian War?	Pergamum attacked Asian Minor, King Attalus appealed to Rome for help.	Livy wrote that this motion was first defeated.
What battle was fought during the Second Macedonian War?	The Battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 BCE.
What concluded the Second Macedonian War?	A peace treaty signed in 196 BCE.	Land and freedom was given to the Greeks after this.
What battle was fought during the war with King Antiochus III?	The Battle of Magnesia - Antiochus III was defeated.
When did the war with King Antiochus III span?	191 - 189 BCE.	2nd Century.
When did the Third Macedonian War occur?	171 - 168 BCE.	2nd Century.
What began the Third Macedonian War?	Eumenes of Pergamum complained to Rome about Perseus of Macedon - Rome declared war due to protecting the Thracians.	The Thracians were under Roman protection.
When was Macedonia made a Roman province?	148 BCE.	2nd Century.
When was the Achaen War?	148 - 146 BCE.	2nd Century.
What happened during the Achaen War?	Sparta tried to leave the Achaen league, Rome supported them and declared war.	Sparta.
When was Corinth sacked and razed, and by whom?	146 BCE by L. Mummius.	2nd Century.
What was the lex Orchia and when was it passed?	182 BCE: A restriction on number of guests at banquets.	Banquets.
What was the lex Fannia and when was it passed?	161 BCE: restricted spending on banquets.	Banquets.
What was the lex Didia and when was it passed?	143 BCE: enforced lex Fannia throughout Italy.
Who was Scipio Aemilianus?	Son of L. Aemilius Paullus, adopted by P. Cornerlius Scipio. He was elected consul in 148 BCE although he was too young.	Friend of Polybius.
When did the Third Punic War occur and what happened?	149 - 146 BCE; Rome went to war due to Cato's urgings. Carthage was razed in 146 BCE.
Who proposed the lex agrarian?	Tiberius Gracchus.
What was the Numantine Treaty?	A treaty proposed by Tiberius Gracchus, rejected in Rome.	The Numantians starved to death due to this.
How did Tiberius Gracchus die?	He was clubbed and stoned to death on Capitoline Hill in a public brawl.	On a hill..
What did Gaius Gracchus serve as?	A soldier at Numantia, Quaestor, and then Tribune for 2 successive years.	His roles over time.
What were the purpose of Gaius Gracchus' laws?	To prevent bribery and corruption.
How did Gaius Gracchus die?	Fighting at Capitoline Hill - the senate passed a decree allowing them to do anything necessary, Gaius Gracchus had one of his slaves slit his throat.	Brutal.
Who was Jugurtha?	A Numidian prince who served under Scipio Aemilianus.
What did Jugurtha strongly believe?	That anything in Rome could be bought.	He put this into practice.
What did Jugurtha do in Rome in 111 BCE?	Bribed a tribune to veto his testimony.	Money.
When was the war with Jugurtha?	112 - 105 BCE.	2nd Century.
Who captured Jugurtha and then marched on Rome in 88 BCE?	Lucius Cornelius Sulla.
When was the Social War?	91 - 88 BCE.	1st Century.
What happened during the Social War?	Asculum riots, Picene and Samnite highlanders declared war, Latins and Campanians stayed loyal to Rome.	War events.
What was the lex Iulia?	L. Caesar carried this in 90 BCE, granting Roman citizenship to Latins and Italians.	Citizenship.
What happened in 89 - 88 BCE?	Cato was killed in battle in the North, Sulla takes command.	Someone dies.
When was the First Mithridatic War and what occurred?	89 - 85 BCE; Asia was overrun, Greece invaded, Athens captured, Delphi and Olympia ransacked.	1st Century.
What happened during the Second March on Rome?	Marius the younger massacred senators in Rome and fled, Sulla destroyed a consular army in Campania.	Marius, Sulla.
What occurred during the Civil War of 83-82 BCE?	Samnite army rushed on Rome, Sulla and Crassus met them.	Samnites.
What battle occurred on the 1 November, 82 BCE?	Battle of Colline Gate.
What major changes did Sulla make as dictator?	He enlarged the senate, limited veto powers, revoked grain subsidies and established provincial reforms.	Senate, tribune, etc.
What did Sulla do in 80-79 BCE?	He stepped down as dictator, retired from public life, wrote a memoir and died.
What did Pompey do after succeeding Sulla?	Restored the powers of the tribunate, reformed the jury, elected senators and annexed Syria.
What important thing is Cicero hailed for?	He was known as 'father of the fatherland' for saving Rome from conspirators.
When did Julius Caesar live?	100 - 44 BCE.	1st Century.
What was the First Triumvirate?	Three men in charge - Pompey, Crassus, Caesar.	Was originally unofficial.
How did Caesar pass a lot of his laws?	He bypassed the senate and turned to the people.	This pissed people off.
Who did Julius Caesar bring to Rome after an affair?	Ptolemy's sister Cleopatra.
When was Julius Caesar consul?	48, 46, 45, 44 BCE.	Too many years.
What major things did Julius Caesar do as dictator?	Enlarged the senate, quaestors, praetors; gave citizenship grants; reduced corn dole; sumptuary laws; calendar reforms; abolished tax farming; standardised constitution.
When was Publius Clodius tribune?	58 BCE.	1st Century.
What did Clodius do as a tribune?	Reformed the grain dole, omen laws, had Cicero exiled.	Cicero.
How did Clodius die?	He was killed by Milo and friends outside the city.	Retaliation.
What began January 10, 49 BCE?	A Civil War.
What was the civil war of 49 BCE due to?	Fighting between Caesar and Pompey.
What happened during the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BCE?	Caesar vs. Pompey; Caesar won, Pompey was still alive but fled to Alexandria and was killed by the King.	Caesar was upset by this.
What and when are the 'Ides of March'?	A heavily mythologised event surrounding Caesar's death on the 15th March, 44 BCE.	Caesar.
How did Caesar die?	He was stabbed 23+ times.	Just for laffs.
What was established in Caesar's will?	Adopting C. Octavius as his son and heir.
What happened at Caesar's funeral?	Brutus' famous speech about why he killed Caesar, the forum was set alight.	Rioting.
When was Octavius born?	63 BCE.	1st Century.
When did Octavius march on Rome and what did he do?	43 BCE - he forces election as consul.	Consul.
Who were the Second Triumvirate?	Octavian, Antony, Lepidus.
What happened during 38-36 BCE?	Pompey and Caesar fought (II), it was a naval war and Pompey kept winning.	Naval war.
When did Octavian become Augustus?	27 BCE.
When did the Civil Wars end?	29 BCE.
What did Suetonius write of Octavian/Augustus?	He tortured people, forced consul elect to commit suicide, had people killed, a mass slaughter at Perusia.	Bad things.
What did Augustus do on the Ides of January, 27 BCE.	Entered the senate and resigned his powers, manipulating senators into returning them.	Sneaky stuff.
What did Octavian do as Emperor Caesar Augustus?	He reformed the senate, made changes to the military (marriage ban, sole career), and manipulated things to be in his favour.	Sneaky stuff.
What did Augustus do before his death in 14 CE.	Adopted Tiberius.
What happened regarding Augustus in 22 BCE?	There was famine, floods, and riots, and demands that he be made dictator.
Which God did Augustus identify with, and have at the golden age celebration?	Apollo.
What happened after both Caesars' deaths?	They were both made divus after their deaths.	Religion.

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