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25 Cards in this Set

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crystallization
also a chemical solid–liquid separation technique, in which mass transfer of a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase occurs.

erosion

the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.

igneous rock

or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
metamorphic rock
type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure. Its name is from 'morph' (meaning form), and 'meta' (meaningchange). The original rock gets heated (temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C) and pressured (1500 bars). This causes profound physical and/or chemical change.

metamorphism

alteration of the composition or structure of a rock by heat, pressure, or other natural agency.

precipitate

cause (a substance) to be deposited in solid form from a solution.

rock cycle

an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, remelting, and further igneous intrusion.

sediment

matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; dregs

sedimentary rock

Rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water (rivers, lakes, and oceans), ice ( glaciers ), and wind. Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in layers, and frequently contain fossils. Note : Limestone and shale are common sedimentary rocks.

sedimentation

the process of settling or being deposited as a sediment.

weathering

wear away or change the appearance or texture of (something) by long exposure to the air.

Bowen's reaction series

schematic description of the order in which minerals form during the cooling and solidification of magma and of the way the newly formed minerals react with the remaining magma to form yet another series of minerals.

extrusive

relating to or denoting rock that has been extruded at the earth's surface as lava or other volcanic deposits.

felsic

relating to or denoting a group of light-colored minerals including feldspar, feldspathoids, quartz, and muscovite.
fractional cyrstallization
is one of the most important geochemical and physical processes operating within the Earth's crust and mantle. ... Fractional crystallization is the removal and segregation from a melt of mineral precipitates; except in special cases, removal of the crystals changes the composition of the magma.
intrusive
causing disruption or annoyance through being unwelcome or uninvited

mafic

relating to, denoting, or containing a group of dark-colored, mainly ferromagnesian minerals such as pyroxene and olivine.

partical melting

occurs when only a portion of a solid is melted. For mixed substances, such as a rock containing several different minerals or a mineral that displays solid solution, this melt can be different from the bulk composition of the solid.

pluton

a body of intrusive igneous rock.
porphyritic
relating to or denoting a rock texture, typically found in volcanic rocks, containing distinct crystals or crystalline particles embedded in a fine-grained ground mass.

volcanic rock

is a rock formed from magma erupted from avolcano. In other words, it differs from other igneous rockby being of volcanic origin.
biochemical sedimentary rock
is a general term that indicates loose grains (such as the sand at the beach) and chemical precipitates (such as crystals of salt). Sedimentary rocks can be subdivided in three categories: clastic, chemical, and biochemical sedimentary rocks.

cementation

the binding together of particles or other things by cement.
chemical sedimentary rocks
precipitation of minerals from water. Precipitation is when dissolved materials come out of water. For example: Take a glass of water and pour some salt (halite) into it. ... This is a common way for chemical sedimentary rocks to form and the rocks are commonly called evaporites.
clastic
denoting rocks composed of broken pieces of older rocks.