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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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rock
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a hard substance composed of one or more minerals
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igneous rock
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rocks formed from cooled and hardened magma or lava
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magma
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melted rock beneath the Earth's surface
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lava
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magma that has reached the Earth's surface
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felsic rocks
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light-colored, lightweight igneous rocks that are rich in silicon, aluminum, sodium, and potassium
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mafic rocks
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dark-colored, heavy igneous rocks that are rich in iron, magnesium, and calcium
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intrusive rocks
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igneous rocks formed when magma cools beneath the Earth's surface
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extrusive rocks
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igneous rocks formed when lava cools on the Earth's surface
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sediments
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particles of minerals, rock fragments, shells, leaves, bones, and other remains of once-living things
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sedimentary rocks
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rocks formed from sediments that have been compacted and cemented together
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lithification
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the process that transforms layers of rocky fragments into sedimentary rock or a bed of sand into sandstone
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clastic rocks
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sedimentary rocks made of rock particles and fragments deposited by water, wind, or ice
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conglomerate rock
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a clastic rock composed of rounded, pebble-sized rock fragments
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breccia
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a type of conglomerate rock composed of sharp-cornered fragments
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sandstone
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a clastic rock composed of rounded, sand-sized grains
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shale
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clastic rock composed of clay-sized particles in flat layers
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metamorphism
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the process of change in the structure and constitution of a rock
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metamorphic rocks
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rocks formed when the structure and constitution of existing rocks change due to heat, pressure, and/or chemical reactions
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contact metamorphism
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metamorphism that occur when the heat of magma invades existing rocks
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regional metamorphism
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metamorphism that occurs when large pieces of the Earth's crust rub against each other, causing heat and pressure that change existing rocks
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foliated structure
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a rock structure with visible layers or bands aligned in planes
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nonfoliated structure
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a rock structure without visible layers or bands
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rock cycle
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the process by which one rock type changes into another
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porphyritic rock
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large crystals scattered on a background of much smaller crystals
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