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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is rock? |
naturally occuring solid aggregate/mixture of more than one mineral |
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state all 3 types of rock |
metamorphic igneous sedimentary
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what are igneous rocks? |
crystallised from magma |
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what are sedimentary rocks? |
composed of fragments that have been deposited, compacted and cemented together |
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what are metamorphic rocks? |
formed from the recrystallisation of other rocks in the solid-state due to pressure and temperature |
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state 2 characteristics of extrusive rocks |
cool rapidly fine grained |
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state 2 characteristics of intrusive rocks |
cool slowly medium to coarse grained |
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when does weathering take place? |
when rock is exposed to the earth's atmosphere and water. the minerals and rock start to break down in situ. <- doesnt move |
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weathering can be divided into 3 main types |
physical chemical biological |
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what is erosion? |
fragments, clasts and soluble components are removed. |
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state 5 ways fragments can be transported |
rivers glaciers ocean wind mass movement |
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when does burial occur? |
as sediment is covered by more and more layers that have been deposited on top |
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what is diagenesis or lithification? |
the process that takes place in sediments at low pressure and temperature at or near to the earth's surface, it also turns loose sediment into sedimentary rock |
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what is compaction? |
as sediments are buried more deeply they become compacted. The grains are moved closer into contact due to the pressure of the overlying sediment |
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what is cementation? |
gluing the grains together with minerals deposited from a circulating fluid |
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what is metamorphism? |
the changing of rocks in the earth's crust by heat and pressure |
