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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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rock-forming mineral
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minerals that make up most rocks -- may be one or more than one
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granite
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light colored rock with high silica content
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basalt
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dark colored rock that is low in silica
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grains
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particles of minerals that give rock's texture - determined by the look and feel of the rock's surface -
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texture
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look and feel of the rocks surface -- described by grain size, shape and pattern
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igneous rock
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formed from the cooling of magma or lava
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sedimentary rock
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formed when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together - formed in layers beneath the earth
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metamorphic rock
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forms when existing rock is changed by heat, pressure or chemical reaction -- formed deep underground
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mineral composition, color and texture
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What geologists observe when studying a rock sample
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The name igneous comes from the latin word ignis,meaning_______.
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"fire"
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What is an extrusive rock?
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an igneous rock formed from lava that erupted onto earth's surface.
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What is an intrusive rock?
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an igneous rock that forms when magma hardens below earth's surface.
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What is silica?
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a material formed from oxygen and silicon
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what happens when a rock has high silica content?
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the rock is a light color
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What happens when a rock has a low silica content?
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the rock is a dark color
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what did ancient Egyptians use granite for?
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building material
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What is pumice used for?
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cleaning and polishing
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what is obsidian used for?
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tools for cutting and scraping
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What is perlite used for?
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helping vegetable seeds grow
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What is sediment?
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small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things.
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what is erosion?
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running water, wind, or ice that carries away fragments of rocks.
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what's deposition?
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the proccess by which sediments settle
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What's compaction?
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when particles get squeezed together
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What is cementation?
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when particles get glued together
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what are three types of sedimentary rocks?
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clastic,organic, and chemical rocks
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What is a clastic rock?
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a sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together.
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What's an organic rock?
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remains of plants and animals
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what is a chemical rock?
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minerals that are dissolved in a solution, crystallize
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What is an example of a clastic rock?
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(Shale,sandstone,conglomerate,and Breccia)
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What is an example of an organic rock?
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( coal and limestone formed from calcite)
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what's an example of a chemical rock?
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( halite and limestone formed when calcite is dissolved inlakes, seas, or underground water)
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What is the House in Washinton made of?
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sandstone
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What is limestone used for?
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cement and steel
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What's a coral reef?
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skeletons that form and stick together/organic limestone
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How big are most coral animals?
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smaller than your fingernail
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What are the types of metamorphic rocks?
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foliated and nonfoliated
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What are foliated rocks?
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Rocks that have parallel layers or bands
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What are nonfoliated rocks?
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grains that are arranged randomly
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After heat and pressure is added to granite, what does it form into?
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Gneiss
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After heat and pressure is added to sandstone, what does it form into?
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Quartzite
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Afterheat and pressure is added to shale, what does it turn into?
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Slate
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can slate split easily into flat pieces?
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yes
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What can slate be used for?
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flooring, roofing, chalkboards, and trim for stone buildings
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What is the rock cycle?
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A series of processes on earth's surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly change rocks from one kind to another
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Is granite a sedimentary,metamorphic, or igneous rock?
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igneous
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