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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rock
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mineral matter of variable composition, consolidated or unconsolidated, assembled in masses or considerable quantities in nature, as by the action of heat or water
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igneous rock
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rocks that have solidified from molten or partly molten material.
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sedimentary rock
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rocks resulting from the consolidation of loose sediment that has accumulated in layers.
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Metamorphic rock
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rocks derived from preexisting rocks by mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes (essentially in a solid state) in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shearing stress, and chemical environment at depth in the Earth's crust
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rock cycle
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rocks derived from preexisting rocks by mineralogical, chemical, or structural changes (essentially in a solid state) in response to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shearing stress, and chemical environment at depth in the Earth's crust
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Magma
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molten material beneath or within the earth's crust, from which igneous rock is formed.
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Lava
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the molten, fluid rock that issues from a volcano or volcanic vent.
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Weathering
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process whereby earthy or rocky materials are changed in color, texture, composition, or form (with little or no transportation) by exposure to atmospheric agents.
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sediments
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Soil, sand, and minerals washed from land into water, usually after rain.
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Intrusive igneous rock
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intrusive igneous rock is formed from solidified magma below the surface of the Earth.
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Extrusive igneous rock
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forms when lava cools on earths surface
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Erosion
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The wearing away of land surface by wind or water, intensified by land-clearing practices related to farming, residential or industrial development, road building, or logging.
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Deposition
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process by which material is added to a landform or land mass.
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Compactation
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Reduction of the bulk of solid waste by rolling and tamping.
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Cementation
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process of deposition of dissolved mineral components in the interstices of sediments. It is the sticking together of sediment to form a new rock
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Contact Metamorphisis
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localized metamorphism resulting from the heat of an igneous intrusion.
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Regional Meatmorphism
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A type of metamorphism in which the mineralogy and texture of rocks are changed over a wide area by deep burial and heating associated with the large-scale forces of plate tectonics. In regional metamorphism, rocks that form closer to the margin of the tectonic plates, where the heat and pressure are greatest, often differ in their minerals and texture from those that form farther away.
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viscosity
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The molecular friction within a fluid that produces flow resistance.
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Pyroclastic material
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a rock made of volcanic material that had been broken up by explosions or eruptions
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Volcano
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a vent in the earth's crust through which lava, steam, ashes, etc., are expelled, either continuously or at irregular intervals.
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Shield Volcano
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a type of volcano built almost entirely of fluid lava flows
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compostion cone
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a tall, conical volcano built up by many layers (strata) of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and volcanic ash.
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Cinder Cone
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a steep conical hill of volcanic fragments that accumulate around and downwind from a volcanic vent.
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Relative Dating
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the relative order of past events, without necessarily determining their absolute age
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Law of superpostion
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a key axiom based on observations of natural history that is a foundational principle of sedimentary stratigraphy and so of other geology dependent natural sciences:
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Principle of original horizontality
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that layers of sediment are originally deposited horizontally under the action of gravity.
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Fossil
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preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past.
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Index fossil
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used to define and identify geologic periods
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RadioActivity
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nuclues of the atom is unstabe, spontaneously breaks down.
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half life
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The time it takes for one-half of the atoms of an unstable element or nuclide to decay radioactively into another element or nuclide
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