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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Exponential Growth
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A condition of growth where the rate is mathematically proportional to the current value, leading to continued, non-linear increase of the quantity; in population, this refers to a state of increasingly accelerated and compounded growth, with ecological implications for scarcity
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Neo-Malthusians
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Present-day adherents to a position (established by Malthus) that a population growth outstrips limited natural resources and presents the single greatest driver of environmental degradation and crisis
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Kuznets Curve (Environmental)
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Based in the theory that income inequality will increase during economic development and decrease after reaching a state of overall affluence, this theory predicts that environmental impacts rise during development, only to fall after an economy matures
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Forest Transition Theory
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A model that predicts a period of deforestation in a region during development, when the forest is a resource or land is cleared for agriculture, followed by a return of forest when the economy changes and population out migrate and/or becomes conversation-oriented
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Carrying Capacity
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The theoretical limit of population (animal, human or otherwise) that a system can sustain
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Ecological Footprint
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The theoretical spatial extent of the earth's surface required to sustain an individual, group, system, organization; an index of environmental impact
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Shifting Cultivation
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A form of agriculture that clears and burns forest areas to release nutrients for cropping. Also known as "swidden", this method is highly extensive, typically rotating through areas of forest land for short periods of use, allowing previously used forest land to recover
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Induced Intensification
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A thesis predicting that where agricultural populations grow, demands for food lead to technological innovations resulting in increased food production on the same amount of available land
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Green Revolution
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A suite of technological innovations, developed in universities and international research centers, which were applied to agriculture between the 1950s and 1980s and increased agricultural yields dramatically, but with a concomitant rise in chemical inputs (fertilizers and pesticides) as well as increased demands for water and machinery
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Zero Population Growth
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A condition in a population where the number of births matches the number of deaths and therefore there is no net increase; an idealized condition for those concerned about overpopulation
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Death Rate
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A measure of mortality in a population, typically expressed as the number of deaths per thousand population per year
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Birth Rate
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A measure of natural growth in a population, typically expressed as the number of births per thousand population per year
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Demographic Transition Model
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A model of population change that predicts a decline in population death rates associated with modernization, followed by a decline in birth rates resulting from industrialization and urbanization; this creates a sigmoidal curve where population growth increases rapidly for a period, then levels off
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Fertility Rate
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A measure describing the average number of children birthed by an average statistical woman during her reproductive lifetime
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