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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Parenteral solution that contains electrolytes in proportions simlar to those in plasma; also contains bicarbonate or acetate ion.
a. balanced solution b. hydrating solution c. hypertonic solution d. hypotonic solution e. isotonic solution. |
a. balanced solution
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a solution of water, carbs, sodium and chloride used to determine adequacy of renal function.
a. balanced solution b. hydrating solution c. hypertonic solution d. hypotonic solution e. isotonic solution. |
b. hydrating solution
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A solution with an osmolarity lhigher that that of plasma, above 375 mOsm
a. balanced solution b. hydrating solution c. hypertonic solution d. hypotonic solution e. isotonic solution. |
c. hypertonic
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a solution with an osmolarity lower that that of plasma usual below 250 mOsm
a. balanced solution b. hydrating solution c. hypertonic solution d. hypotonic solution e. isotonic solution. |
d. hypotnoic
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a solution with the same osmolarity as plasma, usual 250-375 mOsm
a. balanced solution b. hydrating solution c. hypertonic solution d. hypotonic solution e. isotonic solution. |
e. isotonic
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Surface area of the body dtermined through use of a nomogram
a. body surface area b. caloric method c. catabolism |
a. body surface area
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calculation of metabolic expenditure of energy, used in pediatric fluid maintenance and replacment.
a. body surface area b. caloric method c. catabolism |
b. caloric method
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the breaddown of chemical compounds by the body; an energy-producing metabolic process.
a. body surface area b. caloric method c. catabolism |
c. catabolism
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A substance that does not dissolve into a true solution and is not capable of passing through a semipermeable membrane. ex. blood, plasma albumin, dextran
a. colloid b. crystalloid |
a colloid
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a substance that forms a true solution that is capable of passing through a semipermeable membrane. ex. lactated ringers, isotonic saline
a. colloid b. crystalloid |
b. crystalloid
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Fluids that provide all nutrients necessary to meet daily patient requirements;usually water, glucose, sodium and potassium
a. maintenance therapy b. parenteral therapy c. replacement therapy d. restoration therapy |
a maintenance therapy
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introduction of substances other thath through the gastrointesinal tract; particularly to the introduction of substances into an organism by intravenous route, or sub q, intramuscular or intradmedullary injection.
a. maintenance therapy b. parenteral therapy c. replacement therapy d. restoration therapy |
b. parenteral therapy
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Replenishment of losses when maintenance cannot be met and when patient is in a deficit state.
a. maintenance therapy b. parenteral therapy c. replacement therapy d. restoration therapy |
c. replacement therapy
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reconstruction of fluid and electtrolyte needs on a continuing basis until homeostsis returns~
a. maintenance therapy b. parenteral therapy c. replacement therapy d. restoration therapy |
d restoration therapy
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A deficit of body water; can involve one fluid cmpoartment or all threee.
a. dehydration b. meter square method c. normal saline d. oncontic pressure.e. plasma volume expander f. weight method |
a. dehyrdation
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formula using a nomogram to determine surface are of a pediatric client for mantenance of fluid needs
a. dehydration b. meter square method c. normal saline d. oncontic pressure.e. plasma volume expander f. weight method |
b. meter squre method
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soultion of salt 0.9 sodium chloride.
a. dehydration b. meter square method c. normal saline d. oncontic pressure.e. plasma volume expander f. weight method |
c. nomal saline
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the osmotic pressure exerted by colloids as when albumin exerts oncotic pressure with in the blood vessels and helps to hold the ater content of the blood in the intravascular compartment
a. dehydration b. meter square method c. normal saline d. oncontic pressure.e. plasma volume expander f. weight method |
d. oncontic pressure
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a high moelcular weight compuond in a solution suitable for intravvenous use
a. dehydration b. meter square method c. normal saline d. oncontic pressure.e. plasma volume expander f. weight method |
e.
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formula based on weight in kilograms to estimate the fluid needs of the pediatric client.
a. dehydration b. meter square method c. normal saline d. oncontic pressure.e. plasma volume expander f. weight method |
f. weight method
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List the 3 objectives of parenteral therapy?
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1. maintenace therapy for daily body fluid rquirement
2. replacement thrapy for present loss 3./ providing fluids and electrolytes to preplace ongoing losses. |
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replacement therapy is supplied over a 48 hour period... when maintenance requirements of the body cannot be met, the physician should institute this therapy.
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replacement
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Never Give more than 120mEq of potatssium in a 24 hour period.. Always check kidney fucntion befor adminstering poatssium..
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info
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When maintenace and replacement therapy does not meet theneeds of patients.. we go into this terhapy
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restoration
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what is the importance of vitamin C in maintenance therapy?
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promotes wound healing
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what is the importance of vitamin B complex in pareteral therapy?
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has a role in metabolsim of carbs adn mantenance of GI function
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The key elements that make up crystalloid parenteral fluids include ?
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water, carbs, protein, vitamins and electrolytes.
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The average adult loses 500 to 1000 mL in form of insesnible water every 24 hours.
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info
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there are two main physicological mechanisms tha tassist in regulating body water: thrist and ADH. ____ is primareily a regulater of water intake and ____ is regulator of water output.
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thirst, ADH
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Glucose has 4 main uses in maintenace therapy?
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improves hepatic function, supplies necessary calories for enrgy, spares body protein minimizes ketosis.
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Every 2 L of 5% dextrose in water contains 100 g of glucose.
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info
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Amino acids are the body-building nutritenst whos emajor functions are contributing to tissue growth and repair, replacing body cells, healing wounds and sythesizing vitamins and enzymes
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info
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The electrolytes of main importance is potassium, sodiu, chloride, magnesium, prhosphorus, calcium and bicarbonate or acetate ion.
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info
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as the acidity of a solution increase, the solutions avility to irriate vein walls increases.
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info
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Osmolarity is usually used when refering to fluits ___ the body. The osmolality is for desribing fluids ___ the body
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outside, inside
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Extracellular osmolality is primarly determined by the ____ level because it is the main solute found in extracellular fluid.
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sodium
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The tension or effect that the effective osomotic pressure of a solution with impermeable solutes exerts on cell size because of water movement across the cell membrane
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tonicity
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These fluids are used to expand the ECF compartment
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Isotonic fluid
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Which type of solution are these? 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose in water, and lactated ringers solution
a. isotonic b. hypotonic c. hypertonic |
a. isotonic
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This solution is commonly used to trat, fluid loss, dehydration, and hypernatremia.
a. isotonic b. hyptonic c. hypertonic |
isotonic
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The danger with use of isotonic solutions is circulatroy overload. These solutions do not cause fluid shifts. The problem is that overexpanding the vascular compartment is that the fluid dilutes the concentration of hemoglobin and lowers hematocrit levels.
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info
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This type of fluid results in the osmotic pressure gradient draws water into the cells from teh ECF causing the cells to swell.
a. isotonic b. hyptonic c. hypertonic |
b. hypotonic
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This solution is used for patietns who have hypertonic dehydration, water replacement, and diabetic ketoacidosis after initial sodium chloride replacment.
a. isotonic b. hyptonic c. hypertonic |
b. hypotonic
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These solutions are. .45% sodium, 0.33% chorlide, 2.5% dextrose in water.
a. isotonic b. hyptonic c. hypertonic |
b. hypotonic
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caution do not give _______ solutions to patients with low blood pressure because it will further a hypotensive state.
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hypotonic
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This type of fluid results osmotic pressure gradient draws water from the intracellular space increaseing extracellular volumen and causing cells to shrink.
a. isotonic b. hyptonic c. hypertonic |
c. hypertonic
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what are these solutions.
5% dextrose in .45 nacl, 5% dextrose in lactated ringers. 10% dextrose in water, and colloid. a. isotonic b. hyptonic c. hypertonic |
c. hypertonic
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These fluids are to replace electrolytes, to treate hypotonic dehydration and in termporary treatment of circulatory insufficiency and shock
a. isotonic b. hyptonic c. hypertonic |
c. hypertonic
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These solutions are irritating to vein walls and may cause circulatory overload. Give these solutions slowly to prevent circulatory overlaod.
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hypertonic
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Dextrose , sodium chloride, balanced electrolyte, alklaizing and acidifying solutions are what type of solutions? crystalloid or colloid
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crystalloid
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Dextrose is the most commonly administered carbohydrate.
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info
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Solutions that contain dextrose and hypotonic saline provide more water than is required for excretion of salt and are useful as hydrating fluids.
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hydrating solutions are poatissum free.
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These solutions are able to move through membranes, examples would be dextrose and sodium chrloide solutions and lactated ringers solution.
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crystalloids
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These solutions are substances whose particles, when submerged in solvent cannot form a true solution because their molecules cannot dissolve , but remain suspended and distributed in teh fluid. Examples are dextran, albumin, mannitol, hetastarch and gelatins.
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colloids.
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The patient admitted to the emergency department with intractable vmoting and was started on 5% dextrose and NS to supor twhich fo the following objectives of infusin therapy?
a. maintenance of daily requirments b. replacement of current losses c. restore ongoing losses |
c. restore ongoing losses
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The functions of glucose in parenteral therapy include which of the following? (select all that apply)
a. provides caloreis for energy b. helps to prevent negative nitrogen balance c. reduces catabolism of protein serves as a vehicle for lood transfustions. |
a, b and c
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maintenance solutions are used for patients who are:
a. ingesting nothing by mouth for a short period of time b. experiencing hemorrhage c. dehydrated from GI losses d. experiencing draining fisutlas. |
a.
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what is the most commonly used balanced electrolyte solution?
a. 5% dextrose in water b. .9% sodium choloride c. lactated ringers solution d. 5% dextrose and sodium chloride. |
c.
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which of the following is themost common complication of the colloid dextran?
a. fluid overload b. hypersensitivity reactions c. hyponatremia d. hyperkalemia |
a. fluid overload
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What is the purpose of a colloid solution?
a. to expand the interstitial compartment b. to replace electrolytes c. to expand the intravascular compartment d. to correct acidosis |
c.
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Dextrose and hypotonic soidum chloride solutions are considered hydrating fluids because
a. they provide more water than is required for excretion of sodium b. the water they provide equlas that needed for excretion of sodium c. they maximize retention of potassium in the cell d. they maximize the retention of sodium. |
b
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The expected outocmoe of administering a hypertonic solutions is to
a. shift ECF from intracellular space to plasma b. hydrate cells c. supply free water to vascular space. |
a.
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which of the following solutions are used to prime the administration set when blood is to be administered
a. 5% dextrose in water b. lactated ringers c. .9% NaCl d. 5% dextrose and .45% Na CL |
c.
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Before adminstering a prescribed intravenous solution that contains poatssium chloride, the nurse should asses for
a. poor skin turgor with "tenting" b. behaviors indicating irritability and confusion c. urinary output of 200 mL during hte previous shift d. an oral intake of 300 mL of fluid dring the previous shift. |
c.
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