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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gonads develop from what 3 tissues?
Primordial germ cells invade ______, migrate to genital ridges. Fetal sex encoded on ______. Basic pathway is the ______ pathway. |
epithelium of intraembryonic coelom, mesoderm, primordial germ cells
dorsal mesentery SRY - sex region of Y-chromosome female |
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________ have biggest role in male development.
_________ have biggest role in female development. Males:signal of each? mesonephric ducts --> urogenital sinus --> genital tubercle --> labioscrotal swelling --> |
Male: mesonephric ducts
Female: paramesonephric ducts mesonephric --> ductus deferems, epidydimis (testosterone) urogenital --> urethra, prostate (DHT) genital tubercle --> penis (DHT) labioscrotal --> scrotum (DHT) |
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Females:
paramesonephric ducts --> urogenital sinus --> genital tubercle --> labioscrotal swelling --> Primary medullary cords degenerate by week ____. Mesonephric ducts in female remain as: Regulates genes that control ovarian development: |
paramesonephric --> oviducts, uterus, upper vagina
urogenital --> lower vagina, vestibule genital tubercle --> clitoris lavioscrotal swelling --> vulva Week 10 epoophoron, paroophoron, mesentery of ovary WTN4, upregulates DAX1 |
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Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts:
Develop during week ____ ________ end opens into peritoneal cavity. ________ ends join to form uterovaginal primordium Inhibited by _____ (MIS) in males secreted by the Sertoli cells paired portions of paramesonephric ducts become: |
Week 6
cranial end distal ends AMH (MIS) uterine tubes |
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Uterine epithelium/glands, upper 1/3 vagina, muscular wall form from:
lower vagina comes from: Genital tubercle develops near: urorectal septum divides ______ into urogenital and anal membranes forms __________(2) |
uterovaginal primordium
posterior wall of urogenital sinus cloacal membrane, cloacal folds develop bilaterally cloacal membrane forms urethral sphincter, external anal sphincter |
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Development of penis? (3)
What pulls the testes into the scrotum? Undescended (aka ______,) testes associated with increased risk of ________. |
1. Enlargement of genital tubercle forms phallus
2. Urethral folds form urethral groove, penile urethra 3. Labioscrotal swelling --> scrotum Gubernaculum cryptorchidism, Testicular Ca |
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Incomplete fusion of the urethral folds:
Can result from inadequate ________ production or inadequate receptor sites for _____. 4 types? Urethral meatus opens on dorsum of penis: more common with what? |
hypospadias
androgen production DHT receptor sites Glandular- shaft of penis Penile Penoscrotal- tip of balls and penis Perineal- on scrotum epispadias- bladder exstrophy |
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Most common primary hypogonadism: (2)
Secondary hypogonadism is from defects in __________ (2) 47/XXY, small testes, low levels of testosterone, gynecomastia: 45/X, short, no growth spurt, broad chest, webbed neck, no ovaries, no sec. sec characteristics: |
Klinefelter's, Turner's
hypothalamus, anterior pituitary Klinefelter's Turner's |
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46/XX, adrenal hyperplasia, ambiguous genitalia, ovaries OK:
X-linked, androgen receptors don't work, external genitalia are feminine: Autosomal recessive, can't convert T to DHT, ambiguous external genitalia, mesonephric duct stuff OK: What happens with these? |
female intersex (pseudohermaphrodite)
AIS (Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome) 5a-reductase deficiency (5ARD) Guevedoche or machihembrase (woman then male) |
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Multiple cell lines, different sets of chromosomes, same individual; asymmetric male/female sex organs, sometimes fraternal twins fuse:
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Chimerism
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What is it called when presents with streak gonads and no functional ovaries or testes?
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gonadal dysgenesis
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What gene allows testes differentiation via ____ and it does this activating which cells...
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Sox-9
SF-1 gene activates sertoli cell differentiation |
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What activates DHT?
Where are the enzyme(s) made? |
5-a reductase
- I make in the liver - II made in parts of reproductive system - if defecient = intersex |
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What is the importance of the DAX-1 gene in women?
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blocks sox-9 and other genes that would otherwise develop man parts
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NAme some congenital fusion abnormalities
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1. double uterus/vagina
2. septate uterus 3. bicornuate uterus 4. uterus unicornis 5. bicorunuate uterus, one horn unconnected |
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Imperforate hymen can lead to?
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amenorrhea- absence of menses-
- could result in pelvic inflammatory disease |
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Primary hypogonadism is an abnormality in?
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failure of gonads to respond to gonadotropins
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What is pseudointersexuality or pseudohermaphroditism?
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External genitalia of one sex accompanies the gonads of the other
Can be caused by abnormal levels of sex hormones or abnormalities in the receptors for these hormones |
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What is true intersex?
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- both ovarian & testicular tissue or ovotestes
- ambiguous external genitalia - most raised female |
