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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which step of the 25 words or less is DCT and CD involved in?
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fine tuning (adjustment to individual ions, H2O
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Once glucose gets to descending thin loop of henle what happens to it?
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its going to be in the urine! no more reabsorption of glucose past PCT
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Kidney makes assumptions as to the blood volume, what are these?
What is key? |
the tubular load of Na+ is reflective of the GFR (tubular load = GFR x [Na]plasma)
-GFR controlled by alteration in Pgc - Pgc is controlled by controlling BP - Blood pressure is controlled by controlling blood volume |
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WHAT IS used by the kidney to sense the sodium entering the DCT?
What does increases/decreases of Na in macula densa do to cell? Why? |
macula densa
increased Na- increased cell volume Decreased Na- decreased cell volume - due to fact that water follows sodium into macula densa |
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Decrease in Na delivery to the JGA will cause _____ cells to release _____?
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granular cells (JG cells)
renin |
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What does renin do?
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cleaves Angiotensinogen from liver and produces Angiotensin I
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Where and how is Angiotensin I converted to Angiotensin II?
Ang II does what (2)? |
in lungs Angiotensin converting Enzyme (ACE) converts to Angiotensin II--> Huge vasoconstriction and adrenal cortex to release Aldosterone
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What does aldosterone bind to and do?
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binds to intracellular receptor moves to nucleus
- Expresses ENaC on apical membrane so Na moves down its concentration gradient into the cell - Also increases Na/K ATPase on basolateral membrance - increases K (which stimulate Aldosterone secretion as well) |
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CD and DCT how does Na/K ATPase differ from PCT?
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it is under hormone control and not always functioning
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Does increase in Na from aldosterone cause increase in blood volume in DCT and CD? Why or Why not?
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NO! water can not follow because there is not aquaporin-1 in DCT and CD
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Where in the hypothalamus does detection of blood osmolarity occur?
What happens when detect increase in extracellular osmolarity? |
Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
- release vasopressin (ADH) from magnocellular neurons stored in Posterior pituitary |
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What does vasopressin do in DCT and CD?
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binds to V2R receptor on membranes, which increases adenylate cyclase activity leading to increase in cAMP and activation of PKA
- PKA- phosphorylates aquaporin-2 moving it to the apical membrane |
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What is role of PKA and what activates it in DCT and CD?
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activated by cAMP and its role is to phosphorylate aquaporin-2 and assuming gradient is present... water flows in
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Describe the permeable qualities of the limbs of the loop of Henle...
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1. Thin descending- impermeable to Na, Cl very permeable to water (AQP-1)
2. Ascending- permeable to Na,Cl but impermeable to water |
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So knowing the first part of the loop of henle is water permeable what happens first?
But how was gradient create to make water leave? |
As tubular fluid enters the thin descending limb, water begins to leave the tubule, concentrating the fluid inside the tubule.
- Ascending loop has NaCl leaving into interstitium |
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What channel is used to move NaCl in the thick ascending limb?
Where is it located |
Basolateral border contains NKCC-2 (Na-K-2Cl) moves 4 ions into the cell
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Describe the role of the vasa recta in the loop of henle in relation to concentrating the urine
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1. Removing the water before it can dilute the concentrating interstitium.
2. It adds sodium to the interstitium as well. |
