Rnur126 Nutrition

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Nutritiont-

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is the study of how food nourishes the body

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Nutrient

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are specific biochemical substances used by the body for growth, development, activity, reproduction, lactation, health maintenance, and recovery form illness or injury

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Non-essential Nutrient-

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do not have to be supplied through dietary sources because they either are not required for body functioning or are synthesized in the body in adequate amounts

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Essential Nutrient

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- - either they are not synthesized in the body or are made in insufficient amounts, must be provided

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Calorie-Kilocalories,

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Way energy in the diet is measured.

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Basel metabolism-

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is the energy required to carry on the involuntary activities of the body at rest- the energy needed to sustain the metabolic activities of cells and tissues.

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IBW

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Ideal body weight, or healthy body weight is an estimate of optimal weight for optimal health. Formula women 100lb. (for height of 5ft) + 5lb. for each additional inch over 5ft
Men- 106lb (for height of 5ft) +6lb for each inch over 5ft

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BMI

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-Body mass index, (adults and children) and measurement of waist circumference(adults), ratio of wt and ht

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Anorexia-

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lack or loss of appetite for food

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anorexia nervosa

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eating disorder characterized by the denial of apetite and bizarre eating habits

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bulimia-

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eating disorder characterized by episodes of gorging followed by purging often occurs in conjunction with anorexia nervosa

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obesity

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weight greater than 20% above ideal body weight

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anthropometric

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measurements of body and body parts

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Ketosis-.

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an abnormal accumulation of ketone bodies that is frequently associated with acidosis

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carbohydrate

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known as sugars and starches are organic compounds composed of carbon oxygen, hydrogen, and oxygen. Framework of plants, only animal source is lactose “milk sugar”

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simple carbohydrate

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Monosaccharide, single basic sugar unit, that cant be broken down

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complex carbohydrate

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disaccharide, consisting of a chain of lots of glucose molecules; starch

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Glycogenesis

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if muscle or liver glycogen stores are deficient, glucose is converted to glycogen and stored as this

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Glycogenolysis

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glycogen is broken down in time of need to supply a ready soured of glucose

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Glycogen

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A polysaccharide that is the main form of carbohydrate storage in animals and occurs mainly in liver and muscle tissue; it is readily converted to glucose. Also called animal starch

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protein

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- is a vital component of every living cell contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. Required for the formation of body structures, genes, enzymes, muscle, bone matrix, skin, blood.

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amino acid

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basic building blocks used to manufacture protein and end products of protein digestion

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complete protein

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-High quality, based on amino acid composition. Contain sufficient amounts and proportions of all the essential amino acids to support growth. Animal proteins

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incomplete protein

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Low quality, are deficient in one or more essential amino acids . plant proteins.

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Fat .

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lipids, are insoluble in water and insoluble in blood

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saturated fat

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( depend on amount of hydrogen in fat molecules.) contain more hydrogen. Most animal fats and stay solid at room temp. raise serum cholesterol levels. Trans fat

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unsaturated fat

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less hydrogen bonds, Vegetable fats remain liquid at room temp, referred to as oils. Lower serum cholesterol levels.

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Cholesterol-

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Fat like substance found only in animal products. Not essential nutrient. Important in composition of cell membrane, and in brain and nerve cells.

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Vitamin-.

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are organic compounds needed by the body in small amounts

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water soluble vitamin

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C, and B complex(thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B6, folate, b12, pantothenic acid, biotin, absorbed through intestinal wall right into blood stream

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fat soluble vitamin- .

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A, D, E, K absorbed with fat into the lymphatic circulation. Attach to a protein to transport through blood stream

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Fortification Nutrition

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-The addition of a required dietary component to a food that doesn't usually have it. They fill a specific identified nutrient gap that cannot or is not being met otherwise.

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mineral

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inorganic elements found in all body fluid and tissues in the form of salts (sodium Chloride) or combined with organic s compounds (iron in hemoglobin)

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food pyramid

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tool for planning or evaluating a diet for adequacy for an diet providing a balanced intake of all essential nutrients in appropriate amounts.

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RDA-

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recommended dietary allowance, of essential nutrients refers to recommendations for average daily amounts that healthy population groups should consume over time.

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Aspiration-

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misdirection of oroharyngeal secretions or gastric contents into the larynx and lower respiratory tract

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Dysphagia

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difficulty swallowing or the inability to swallow

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enteral nutrition

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alternate form of feeding that involves passing a tube into the gastrointestinal tract to allow instillation of the appropriate formula

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gastrostomy

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opening created into the stomach

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jejunostomy

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opening created into the jejunum

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PEG

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percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, placement of a tube into the stomach can be accomplished by a surgeon or gastroenerologist with this

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Bolus

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single injection of a concentrated solution administered intravenously

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parenteral nutrition

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is the administration of nutritional support via the intravenous route.

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TPN

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total parenteral nutritional, is a highly concentrated, hypertonic nutrient solution. Provides calories, restores nitrogen balance, and replaces essential fluids, vitamins, electrolytes, minerals ,and trace elements.