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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Measles (rubeola)
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Paramyxoviridae Class V Genus Morbillivirus. Enveloped icosahedral.
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Measles Transmission
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Direct or indirect contact with nasal or throat secretions. Fomites. Very contagious. Only in humans.
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Measles T Cell Evasion
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T cell & dendritic cell fusion (cell-cell fusion). Infecting T cell. Inducing apoptosis in T cell. Inhibiting T cell cycle.
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Initial Measles Symptoms
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Fever, sore throat, dry cough, headache, conjunctivitis (pinkeye), lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes).
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Later Measles Symptoms
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Cardinal symptoms. After 5 days, Koplik's spots appear. Maculopapular exanthum appears 2 weeks post-infection: pruritic rash moves from back of head to feet; leaves brown markings as it clears.
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Measles Treatment
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Mainly palliative. Rehydration. Ig, Vitamin A, antibiotics (prevent secondary infection).
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Measles Prevention & Control
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Historically disastrous. Vaccines: MMR (live attenuated, for measles, mumps, rubella) and Meruvax (measles alone).
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Mumps
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Paramyxoviridae Class V Genus Paramyxovirus. Enveloped Icosahedral. Aka infectious parotitis. Spreads from salivary glands (spec. parotid).
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Mumps Transmission
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Respiratory, salivary, direct or indirect secretions. Only in humans, mainly children.
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Mumps Symptoms
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Enlargement of parotid gland. Soreness around jawbone aggravated by activity. Earache, headache, malaise, fever, anorexia.
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Complications of Mumps
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Inflammation in other organs: ovaries, pancreas, thyroid gland, kidney, heart. Most commonly orchitis: inflammation or shrinkage of testes - does not lead to sterility.
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Mumps Treatment
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Palliative only. Mgmt. of pain, dehydration, fever. Vaccines: MMR and Mumpsvax (mumps alone).
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Rubella
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Togaviridae Class IV Genus Rubivirus. Enveloped Icosahedral. Aka German Measles or Three-day measles.
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Rubella Transmission
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Respiratory droplets, urine (rare), in utero. In humans only, mainly adolescents. Common in crowded conditions.
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Congenital Rubella Symptoms
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1st trimester, body aborts. 2nd and 3rd, teratogenic effects: deafness, vision & cardiac problems, retardation, others.
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Rubella Symptoms
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Rash begins on face and may spread. Worse with age (except in the fetus). May be flu-like or never manifest.
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Rubella Treatment, P&C
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None, self-resolving. Analgesics. Routine maternal screening. MMR live attenuated vaccine.
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Rabies
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Rhabdoviridae Class V Genus Lyssavirus. Fatal w/o treatment.
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Rabies Transmission
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Bats, cats, dogs, raccoons, skunks. In caves or thru corneal transplants.
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Initial Rabies Symptoms
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Incubation 2-8 weeks. Immediate malaise, fever, GI symptoms, headache, pain, itching, tingling, hot & cold simultaneously, sore throat.
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Rabies Symptoms
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Furious or dumb. Both progress to coma, then death.
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Rabies Furious Manifestation
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Restlessness, hyperesthesia, tachycardia & shallow breathing, inc. secretion, disorientation, hyperactivity, seizures, hydrophobia.
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Rabies Dumb Manifestation
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Paralyzed, disoriented, stuporous.
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Rabies Treatment
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Immediately wash, antisepsis (alcohol), transport to ER. Human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) passive vaccination washed into infection site or injected intramuscularly.
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Human Diploid Cell Vaccine (HDCV)
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Given 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 60 day(s) post-infection. Also high-risk individuals. Inactivated. Notoriously painful.
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Oral Rabies Vaccine
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Vaccinia virus with genes for rabies surface antigen. Preventative for humans or other animals.
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Rabies P&C
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Pets registered & vaccinated. Stray animal population monitoring and oral vaccination hidden in baited food.
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