Rm Ch. 2: The Introduction Section

Front 1

components of research article

Back 1

introduction, method, results, discussion and conclusions

Front 2

introduction

Back 2

general statement of the problem. includes major variables and target population, provides context for purpose, method and results (may review previous research, lend perspective and make it practical or review theory surrounding topic).

Front 3

rationale for the study

Back 3

reasons for doing the study, justifying the IV, DV, specified population and identifying limitations.

Front 4

reasons for doing the study:

Back 4

inadequacy of previous research, follow-up of previous research under investigation, resolve conflicting on inconclusive results, provide empirical data for theories, provide research in an unexplored area.

Front 5

arguments

Back 5

persuasive rationales built on propositions (claims--"therefore, thus, consequently") and supported by premises (supporting reasons). arguments fail when premises are false or unreliable

Front 6

types of arguments: induction

Back 6

general statement from limited observations (inferred, safe bets). arguments by example. an observation is used as a premise (not planned), anecdotal evidence, less trustworthy than experimental

Front 7

induction cont'd: authority

Back 7

personal communication used as premise (i heard this at a conference). not very reliable, better if supported in lit

Front 8

induction cont'd: analogy

Back 8

different but comparable relationship used as a premise (animals to humans)

Front 9

types of arguments: deduction

Back 9

if premises are valid, then proposition must follow (if a-->b-->c, then a-->c)

Front 10

fallacies

Back 10

invalid or unsound premises that are incorrect and unsupported.

Front 11

fallacy of reason

Back 11

appeals to belief, emotion, popularity

Front 12

fallacy of distraction

Back 12

inclusion of irrelevant information (ex: combining two ideas into a single premise)

Front 13

fallacy of induction

Back 13

based on stereotypes, unrepresentative sample, poor analogy

Front 14

statement of the research question

Back 14

formed by the rationale and supporting lit. Provide a description (who is group a and who is group b), determine a difference (how are the groups different), establish a relationship (how is group a and group b alike)

Front 15

hypotheses

Back 15

a tentative generalization or conjecture (what is hoped to be discovered in the experiment)